Imibereho yabantu kwisi yose iriyongera. Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi barashobora kubaho barengeje imyaka 60, cyangwa bakaba barengeje imyaka. Ingano numubare wabaturage bageze mu za bukuru muri buri gihugu kwisi biragenda byiyongera.
Kugeza 2030, umuntu umwe kuri batandatu kwisi azaba afite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga. Icyo gihe, umubare w'abaturage bafite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga uzava kuri miliyari imwe muri 2020 ujye kuri miliyari 1.4. Mu 2050, umubare w'abantu bafite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga uzikuba kabiri ugera kuri miliyari 2.1. Biteganijwe ko abaturage bafite imyaka 80 cyangwa irenga bazikuba kabiri hagati ya 2020 na 2050, bagera kuri miliyoni 426.
Nubwo gusaza kwabaturage, bizwi nkubusaza bwabaturage, byatangiriye mubihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi (nko mubuyapani, aho 30% byabaturage bamaze kurenga imyaka 60), ubu ni ibihugu biciriritse nubukungu buciriritse bifite impinduka nini. Kugeza mu 2050, bibiri bya gatatu by'abatuye isi bafite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga bazaba mu bihugu bikennye kandi biciriritse.
Ibisobanuro byo gusaza
Kurwego rwibinyabuzima, gusaza nigisubizo cyo kwegeranya kwangirika kwa molekile na selile zitandukanye mugihe. Ibi biganisha ku kugabanuka buhoro buhoro mubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge, kwiyongera kwindwara, amaherezo urupfu. Izi mpinduka ntabwo ari umurongo cyangwa guhuza, kandi zifitanye isano gusa nimyaka yumuntu. Ubudasa bugaragara mubantu bakuze ntabwo ari impanuka. Usibye impinduka zifatika, gusaza mubisanzwe bifitanye isano nizindi mpinduka zubuzima, nko kuruhuka, kwimukira munzu nziza, ndetse nurupfu rwinshuti nabafatanyabikorwa.
Ubuzima rusange busanzwe bujyanye no gusaza
Ubuzima busanzwe mubantu bakuze harimo kutumva, cataracte namakosa yangiritse, kubabara umugongo nijosi, hamwe na osteoarthritis, indwara zidakira zifata ibihaha, diyabete, kwiheba, no guta umutwe. Mugihe abantu basaza, birashoboka cyane ko bahura nibibazo byinshi icyarimwe.
Ikindi kiranga ubusaza ni ukugaragara kwubuzima butandukanye bugoye, bakunze kwita syndromes. Mubisanzwe ni ibisubizo byibintu byinshi byihishe inyuma, harimo intege nke, kutagira inkari, kugwa, delirium, n ibisebe byumuvuduko.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gusaza kwiza
Kuramba biratanga amahirwe kubantu bakuze nimiryango yabo gusa ahubwo no kubantu bose. Imyaka yinyongera itanga amahirwe yo gukurikirana ibikorwa bishya, nko gukomeza amashuri, imyuga mishya, cyangwa irari ryirengagijwe. Abantu bakuze nabo batanga umusanzu mumiryango nabaturage muburyo butandukanye. Nyamara, urwego ayo mahirwe nintererano bigerwaho ahanini biterwa nikintu kimwe: ubuzima.
Ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubare wabantu bafite ubuzima bwiza kumubiri ukomeza guhora hafi, bivuze ko imyaka yabanye nubuzima bubi yiyongera. Niba abantu bashobora kubaho muriyi myaka yinyongera mubuzima bwiza bwumubiri kandi niba babayeho ahantu hashyigikiwe, ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora ibintu baha agaciro bwaba bumeze nkubw'urubyiruko. Niba iyi myaka yinyongera irangwa ahanini no kugabanuka kwubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge, noneho ingaruka kubantu bakuze na societe zizaba mbi.
Nubwo zimwe mu mpinduka zubuzima zibaho mubusaza ari genetike, inyinshi ziterwa nubuzima bwabantu ndetse n’imibereho yabo - harimo imiryango yabo, abaturanyi ndetse n’imiryango yabo, hamwe n’imiterere yabo.
Nubwo hari impinduka mu buzima bwabasaza ari genetike, inyinshi ziterwa n’ibidukikije ndetse n’imibereho, harimo umuryango wabo, abaturanyi, umuryango, hamwe n’imiterere bwite, nk'uburinganire, ubwoko, cyangwa imibereho n'imibereho. Ibidukikije abantu bakurira, ndetse no mubyiciro, bikomatanya nibiranga umuntu, bigira ingaruka ndende kubusaza bwabo.
Ibidukikije hamwe n’imibereho birashobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye ubuzima bigira ingaruka ku mbogamizi cyangwa gushimangira amahirwe, ibyemezo, nimyitwarire myiza. Kugumana imyitwarire myiza mubuzima bwose, cyane cyane indyo yuzuye, imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe, no kureka itabi, byose bigira uruhare mukugabanya ibyago byindwara zitandura, kuzamura ubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge, no gutinda kwishingikiriza kubuvuzi.
Ibidukikije bifatika hamwe nibidukikije byemerera abantu gukora ibintu byingenzi bishobora kuba ingorabahizi kubera ubushobozi buke. Ingero z’ibidukikije byunganira harimo kuboneka inyubako rusange n’umutekano rusange kandi byoroshye, hamwe n’ahantu nyabagendwa. Mugutegura ingamba zubuzima rusange bwo gusaza, ntabwo ari ngombwa gutekereza gusa kuburyo umuntu ku giti cye n’ibidukikije bigabanya igihombo kijyanye no gusaza, ahubwo hanatekerezwa ku bishobora kuzamura imikurire, guhuza n'imihindagurikire, no gukura mu mibereho-imitekerereze.
Inzitizi mu gukemura abaturage bageze mu za bukuru
Nta muntu ushaje usanzwe. Abagera ku myaka 80 bafite ubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge busa nabenshi bafite imyaka 30, mugihe abandi bagabanuka cyane bakiri bato. Ibikorwa rusange byubuzima rusange bigomba gukemura ibibazo byinshi byuburambe hamwe nibikenewe mubasaza.
Kugira ngo ibibazo by’abaturage bageze mu za bukuru bikemuke, inzobere mu buzima rusange n’abaturage bakeneye kumenya no guhangana n’imyumvire y’imyaka, bagashyiraho politiki yo gukemura ibibazo bigezweho kandi biteganijwe, kandi bagashyiraho ibidukikije bifasha umubiri ndetse n’imibereho ituma abantu bageze mu za bukuru bakora ibintu byingenzi bishobora kuba ingorabahizi kubera ubushobozi buke.
Urugero rumwe rwibyoibikoresho bifatika bifatika ni umusarani. Irashobora gufasha abasaza cyangwa abantu bafite umuvuduko muke guhura nibibazo biteye isoni mugihe bagiye mumusarani. Mugutegura ingamba zubuzima rusange bwo gusaza, ni ngombwa kutareba gusa inzira zumuntu ku giti cye n’ibidukikije zigabanya igihombo kijyanye no gusaza ariko nanone zishobora kuzamura gukira, guhuza n'imihindagurikire, no gukura mu mibereho-imitekerereze.
OMS Igisubizo
Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yatangaje ko 2021-2030 ari imyaka icumi y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe gusaza kandi isaba Umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi kuyobora ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima bwiza ni ubufatanye ku isi yose buhuza guverinoma, sosiyete sivile, imiryango mpuzamahanga, abanyamwuga, amasomo, itangazamakuru, n’abikorera kugira ngo bakore imyaka 10 ihuriweho, itangiza, kandi ifatanyirize hamwe guteza imbere ubuzima burambye kandi buzira umuze.
Imyaka icumi ishingiye kuri OMS y’Ingamba n’umugambi w’ibikorwa byo gusaza n’ubuzima hamwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye Madrid gahunda y’ibikorwa byo gusaza, ishyigikira ibyagezweho na gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye 2030 igamije iterambere rirambye n’intego z’iterambere rirambye.
Isabukuru y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishaje (2021-2030) igamije kugera ku ntego enye:
Guhindura ibisobanuro na stereotypes bijyanye no gusaza;
Kurema ibidukikije byunganira gusaza;
Gutanga ubuvuzi bwuzuye hamwe na serivisi zubuzima bwibanze kubantu bakuze;
Kunoza gupima, gukurikirana, nubushakashatsi ku gusaza kwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2023
