Upenyu hwevanhu munyika yose huri kuwedzera. Mazuva ano, vanhu vakawanda vanogona kurarama kusvika makore anopfuura 60, kana kuti kutopfuura. Hukuru uye chikamu chevanhu vakwegura munyika dzose pasi rose zviri kuwedzera.
Panosvika 2030, munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vatanhatu munyika yose anenge ava nemakore 60 kana kupfuura. Panguva iyoyo, huwandu hwevanhu vane makore 60 zvichikwira huchawedzera kubva pabhiriyoni imwe muna 2020 kusvika pabhiriyoni imwe nemazana mana. Pakazosvika 2050, nhamba yevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu kana kupfuura ichapeta kusvika 2.1 bhiriyoni. Huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi masere kana kupfuura hunotarisirwa kuwedzera zvakapetwa kaviri pakati pa2020 na2050, kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu.
Kunyange zvazvo kuchembera kwevanhu, kunonzi kuchembera kwevanhu, kwakatanga munyika dzine mari yakawanda (sekuJapan, uko 30% yevanhu yatova nemakore anopfuura 60), ikozvino inyika dzine mari yakaderera uye yepakati dziri kusangana nekuchinja kukuru. Panosvika gore ra2050, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevanhu vepasi rose vane makore makumi matanhatu kana kupfuura vanenge vachigara munyika dzine mari yakaderera nepakati.
Tsanangudzo yekuchembera
Padanho rebhayoloji, kuchembera mhedzisiro yekuunganidzwa kweakasiyana mamorekuru uye cellular kukuvadzwa nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mukugona kwemuviri nepfungwa, kuwedzera kwenjodzi yezvirwere, uye pakupedzisira kufa. Shanduko idzi hadzina mutsara kana kuenderana, uye dzinongobatana zvakasununguka nezera remunhu. Kusiyana kwakaonekwa pakati pevanhu vakwegura hakusi kungoitika. Pamusoro pekuchinja kwemuviri, kuchembera kunowanzo kusanganiswa nedzimwe shanduko dzehupenyu, sekuregera, kuenda kune imwe imba yakakodzera, uye kufa kweshamwari uye vadyidzani.
Mamiriro ehutano akajairika ane chekuita nekuchembera
Mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano anowanzo pakati pevanhu vakwegura anosanganisira kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, cataracts uye zvikanganiso zvekugadzirisa, kurwadziwa kwemusana nemutsipa, uye osteoarthritis, chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu, chirwere cheshuga, kuora mwoyo, uye dementia. Sezvo vanhu vachikura, vanowanzosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akawanda panguva imwe chete.
Humwe hunhu hwekuchembera kubuda kwehutano hwakati wandei hwakaoma, hunowanzonzi geriatric syndromes. Zvinowanzokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kushaya simba, kutadza kuita weti, kudonha, delirium, uye maronda ekumanikidza.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kukwegura kwakanaka
Upenyu hurefu hunopa mikana kwete chete kuvanhu vakwegura nemhuri dzavo asiwo kunzanga yose. Makore okuwedzera anopa mikana yekuita mabasa matsva, akadai sekuenderera mberi nedzidzo, mabasa matsva, kana zvishuwo zvakaregeredzwa kwenguva refu. Vanhu vakwegura vanobatsirawo kumhuri nenharaunda nenzira dzakawanda. Nekudaro, dhigirii iro mikana iyi uye mipiro inowanikwa zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nechinhu chimwe chete: hutano.
Humbowo hunoratidza kuti huwandu hwevanhu vane hutano hwakanaka hunoramba husingachinji, izvo zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwemakore ekugara vaine hutano husina kunaka huri kuwedzera. Kudai vanhu vaigona kurarama makore aya okuwedzera vaine utano hwakanaka hwomuviri uye dai vaigara munzvimbo inotsigira, kukwanisa kwavo kuita zvinhu zvavanokoshesa kwaizova kwakafanana nekwepwere. Kana aya makore okuwedzera achinyanya kuzivikanwa nekuderera kwehunyanzvi hwemuviri nepfungwa, zvino kukanganisa kune vanhu vakura uye nzanga kuchave kwakashata.
Kunyange zvazvo kumwe kuchinja kwehutano kunoitika mukuchembera kuri kwemajini, kuzhinji kunokonzerwa nemhoteredzo yenyama nemagariro evanhu - kusanganisira mhuri dzavo, nharaunda nenharaunda, uye hunhu hwavo.
Kunyangwe kumwe kushanduka kwehutano hwevakweguru kuri kwemajini, kwakawanda kunokonzerwa nemhoteredzo yemuviri neyemagariro, kusanganisira mhuri yavo, nharaunda, nharaunda, uye hunhu hwemunhu, senge murume kana mukadzi, dzinza, kana magariro nehupfumi. Mamiriro ezvinhu umo vanhu vanokura, kunyange muchikamu che fetal, pamwe chete nemaitiro avo ega, ane nguva yakareba yekuchinja kukwegura kwavo.
Mamiriro emuviri nemagariro anogona kukanganisa hutano zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga nekupesvedzera zvipingamupinyi kana kukurudzira kumikana, sarudzo, uye maitiro ane hutano. Kuchengeta maitiro ane hutano muhupenyu hwose, kunyanya kudya kwakadzikama, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, uye kurega kusvuta, zvose zvinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvisingatapukira, kuvandudza mano emuviri nepfungwa, uye kunonoka kuvimba nekutarisira.
Nzvimbo dzinotsigira dzemuviri nedzemagariro dzinobvumirawo vanhu kuita zvinhu zvakakosha zvingave zvinonetsa nekuda kwekuderera kwekugona. Mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzinotsigira dzinosanganisira kuvapo kwezvivakwa zvakachengeteka uye zvinosvikika zvevoruzhinji nezvifambiso, pamwe nenzvimbo dzinofambika. Mukugadzira nzira dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzekuchembera, zvakakosha kufunga kwete chete nzira dzemunhu uye dzezvakatipoteredza dzinoderedza kurasikirwa kwakabatana nekuchembera, asiwo izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kupora, kuchinjika, uye magariro-yepfungwa kukura.
Matambudziko Mukugadzirisa Vanhu Vachembera
Hakuna munhu akura chaiwo. Vamwe vane makore 80 okukura vane mano emuviri nepfungwa akafanana nevakawanda vane makore 30 okukura, nepo vamwe vachiona kuderera kukuru pazera duku. Kupindirana kwehutano hweveruzhinji kunofanirwa kugadzirisa huwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko uye zvinodiwa pakati pevakwegura.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu vakwegura, vashandi vehutano hwevanhu uye nzanga vanofanira kubvuma uye kupikisa mafungiro ezera, kukudziridza mitemo yekugadzirisa maitiro ezvino uye anofungidzirwa, uye kugadzira nzvimbo dzinotsigira dzemuviri uye dzemagariro evanhu dzinobvumira vanhu vakwegura kuita zvinhu zvinokosha zvingave zvakaoma nekuda kwekuderera kwekugona.
Mumwe muenzaniso wakadaroinotsigira midziyo yemuviri ndiyo yekusimudza chimbuzi. Inogona kubatsira vakwegura kana vanhu vane zvishoma kufamba kusangana nematambudziko anonyadzisa pakuenda kuchimbuzi. Mukugadzira nzira dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzekuchembera, zvakakosha kufunga kwete chete nzira dzemunhu uye dzezvakatipoteredza dzinoderedza kurasikirwa kwakabatana nekuchembera asiwo izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kupora, kuchinjika, uye magariro-mupfungwa kukura.
Mhinduro yeWHO
United Nations General Assembly yakazivisa 2021-2030 seUN Makumi gumi eKukwegura Kwehutano uye yakadana World Health Organisation kuti itungamire kuita kwayo. The UN Decade of Healthy Aging mubatanidzwa wepasi rose unounza pamwe chete hurumende, masangano epasi rose, masangano epasi rose, nyanzvi, dzidzo, vezvenhau, uye zvikamu zvakazvimirira kuti vaite makore gumi ehurongwa hwakarongeka, hwekuita, uye hwekubatana kusimudzira hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano.
Makumi aya anobva paWHO Global Strategy uye Action Plan yeKuchembera uye Hutano uye United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, inotsigira kuzadzikiswa kweUnited Nations 2030 Agenda yeSustainable Development uye Sustainable Development Goals.
The UN Decade of Healthy Aging (2021-2030) ine chinangwa chekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvina:
Kushandura rondedzero uye stereotypes pamusoro pekuchembera;
Kugadzira nzvimbo dzinotsigira kuchembera;
Kupa hutano hwakabatanidzwa uye hutano hwekutanga kune vanhu vakwegura;
Kuvandudza kuyerwa, kutarisa, uye tsvagiridzo yehutano hwekuchembera.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-13-2023
