Ubomi babantu ehlabathini lonke buyanda. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi banokuphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-60, okanye nangaphezulu. Ubungakanani kunye nenani labantu abalupheleyo kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi liyakhula.
Ngo-2030, umntu omnye kwabathandathu emhlabeni uya kuba neminyaka engama-60 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu. Ngelo xesha, umlinganiselo wabemi ababudala buyiminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu uya kwanda ukusuka kwibhiliyoni enye ngowama-2020 ukuya kutsho kwisi-1.4 sebhiliyoni. Ngo-2050, inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu liya kuphinda kabini ukuya kwi-2.1 yezigidigidi. Inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuba liphindeke kabini phakathi kuka-2020 no-2050, lifikelele kwi-426 yezigidi.
Nangona ukuguga kwabantu, okubizwa ngokuba kukuguga kwabantu, kwaqala kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu (njengaseJapan, apho i-30% yabemi sele ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), ngoku ngamazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi afumana utshintsho olukhulu. Ngo-2050, isibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu baya kube behlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi.
Ingcaciso yokuguga
Kwinqanaba lebhayoloji, ukuguga kuyisiphumo sokuqokelelwa komonakalo ohlukeneyo weemolekyuli kunye neeseli ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokuthe ngcembe kwizakhono zomzimba nezengqondo, ukwanda komngcipheko wezifo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufa. Olu tshintsho alufani kwaye aluhambelani, kwaye lunxulunyaniswa ngokukhululekileyo nobudala bomntu. Iiyantlukwano ezijongwayo phakathi kwabantu abakhulileyo azizenzekeli. Ukongeza kwiinguqu zomzimba, ukwaluphala kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nolunye utshintsho lobomi, njengokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, ukuya kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala, kunye nokufa kwabahlobo kunye namaqabane.
Iimeko zempilo eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokuguga
Iimeko zempilo eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abadala zibandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, i-cataracts kunye neempazamo ze-refractive, iintlungu zangasemva kunye nentamo, kunye ne-osteoarthritis, isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary obstructive, isifo seswekile, ukudakumba, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Njengoko abantu bekhula, banokufumana iimeko ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
Olunye uphawu lokuguga kukuvela kweemeko ezininzi zempilo ezinzima, ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-geriatric syndromes. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibangelwa yimiba emininzi esisiseko, kuquka ubuthathaka, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo, ukuwa, ukuqaqanjelwa, kunye nezilonda zoxinzelelo.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukwaluphala okunempilo
Ubomi obude bubonelela ngamathuba kungekuphela nje kubantu abadala kunye neentsapho zabo kodwa nakuluntu luphela. Iminyaka eyongezelelekileyo ibonelela ngamathuba okwenza imisebenzi emitsha, efana nemfundo eqhubekayo, imisebenzi emitsha, okanye iminqweno ekudala ingahoywa. Abantu abadala nabo banegalelo kwiintsapho nakuluntu ngeendlela ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba apho la mathuba kunye namagalelo aphunyezwa kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwinto enye: impilo.
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba inani labantu abasempilweni ngokwasemzimbeni lihlala lingaguquguquki, nto leyo ethetha ukuba liyanda inani leminyaka yokuphila nempilo enkenenkene. Ukuba abantu bebenokuphila le minyaka yongezelelekileyo besempilweni entle ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye ukuba bebephila kwindawo enenkxaso, isakhono sabo sokwenza izinto abazixabisayo bekuya kufana nokwabantu abaselula. Ukuba le minyaka yongezelelweyo ibonakala ngokuhla kwezakhono zomzimba kunye nengqondo, ngoko ke impembelelo kubantu abadala kunye noluntu iya kuba mbi ngakumbi.
Nangona ezinye zeenguqu zempilo ezenzeka ekwaluphaleni zisimfuza, uninzi lubangelwa ziimeko-bume zobuntu kunye nezentlalo-kuquka iintsapho zabo, ubumelwane kunye noluntu, kunye neempawu zabo zobuqu.
Nangona ezinye iinguqu kwimpilo yabantu abadala ziyimfuza, uninzi lubangelwa ziimeko zomzimba nezentlalo, kubandakanywa usapho lwabo, indawo abahlala kuyo, uluntu, kunye neempawu zobuntu, ezifana nesini, uhlanga, okanye isimo sentlalo-qoqosho. Imeko yendawo apho abantu bakhulela khona, nakwinqanaba le-fetus, lidibene neempawu zabo zobuntu, linempembelelo yexesha elide ekugugeni kwabo.
Ubume bomzimba kunye nentlalontle inokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwimpilo ngokuphembelela imiqobo okanye inkuthazo kumathuba, izigqibo kunye nokuziphatha okunempilo. Ukugcina ukuziphatha okunempilo kubo bonke ubomi, ngokukodwa ukutya okunokulinganisela, ukuzivocavoca umzimba rhoqo, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya, zonke zinegalelo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wezifo ezingenakusuleleka, ukuphucula amandla omzimba kunye nengqondo, kunye nokulibazisa ukuthembela ekunyamekeleni.
Iindawo ezixhasayo ngokwasemzimbeni nezentlalo zikwavumela abantu ukuba benze izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinokuba ngumngeni ngenxa yokuhla kwesakhono. Imizekelo yeemeko ezixhasayo ibandakanya ukufumaneka kwezakhiwo zikawonke-wonke ezikhuselekileyo nezifikelelekayo kunye nezothutho, kunye neendawo ezinokuhanjwa. Ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zezempilo zoluntu zokuguga, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kuphela iindlela zomntu kunye nokusingqongileyo ezinciphisa ilahleko ezinxulumene nokuguga, kodwa kunye nezo zinokuphucula ukubuyiswa, ukulungelelaniswa, kunye nokukhula kwentlalo-yengqondo.
Imingeni ekuJonganyeni nabemi abalupheleyo
Akakho umntu osele ekhulile. Abanye abantu abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala banezakhono zomzimba nezengqondo ezifana nabaninzi abaneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, ngelixa abanye bafumana ukuhla okuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yobudala. Ungenelelo olubanzi lwempilo yoluntu kufuneka lujongane noluhlu olubanzi lwamava kunye neemfuno phakathi kwabantu abadala.
Ukujongana nemingeni yabantu abalupheleyo, abaqeqeshi bezempilo yoluntu kunye noluntu kufuneka bavume kwaye bacele umngeni kwi-ageist attitudes, ukuphuhlisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokujongana nemikhwa yangoku kunye neqikelelo, kunye nokudala indawo exhasayo yomzimba kunye nentlalontle evumela abantu asebekhulile ukuba benze izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi zibe ngumngeni ngenxa yokunciphisa amandla.
Umzekelo onjaloizixhobo eziphathekayo ezixhasayo kukuphakamisa indlu yangasese. Inokunceda abantu abadala okanye abantu abanokuhamba okulinganiselweyo bahlangabezane neengxaki ezihlazisayo xa besiya kwindlu yangasese. Ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zezempilo zoluntu zokuguga, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kuphela iindlela zomntu kunye nokusingqongileyo ezinciphisa ilahleko ezinxulumene nokuguga kodwa kunye nezo zinokuphucula ukubuyiswa, ukulungelelaniswa, kunye nokukhula kwentlalo-yengqondo.
Impendulo ye-WHO
I-General Assembly yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yabhengeza i-2021-2030 njenge-UN yeshumi leminyaka yokuguga okunempilo kwaye yabiza uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ukuba ukhokele ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Iminyaka elishumi ye-UN yokuguga okunempilo yintsebenziswano yehlabathi edibanisa oorhulumente, imibutho yoluntu, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, iingcali, izifundiswa, imidiya, kunye namacandelo abucala ukwenza iminyaka eyi-10 yokulungelelaniswa, i-catalytic, kunye nentsebenziswano yokukhuthaza ubomi obude nobunempilo.
Ishumi leminyaka lisekelwe kwiSicwangciso seHlabathi se-WHO kunye neSicwangciso sokuSebenza ngokuguga kunye neMpilo kunye neSicwangciso seZizwe eziManyeneyo saseMadrid sokuSebenza ngokuguga, ukuxhasa ukufezekiswa kwe-Agenda yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ye-2030 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo kunye neenjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo.
Iminyaka elishumi ye-UN yokuguga okunempilo (2021-2030) ijolise ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezine:
Ukutshintsha ukubalisa kunye neengcamango malunga nokwaluphala;
Ukudala iindawo ezixhasayo zokuguga;
Ukunikezela ngokhathalelo oludibeneyo kunye neenkonzo zempilo ezisisiseko kubantu abadala;
Ukuphucula umlinganiselo, ukubeka iliso, kunye nophando malunga nokuguga okunempilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-13-2023
