Ubude bempilo yabantu emhlabeni wonke buyanda. Namuhla, abantu abaningi bangaphila baze babe ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 ubudala, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Ubukhulu nenani labantu asebekhulile kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni wonke liyakhula.
Ngo-2030, umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha emhlabeni uzobe eseneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani labantu abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu lizokhuphuka lisuka ebhiliyoni elilodwa ngo-2020 liye ebhiliyoni elingu-1.4. Ngo-2050, inani labantu abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu lizophindeka kabili lifinyelele ku-2.1 billion. Isibalo sabantu abaneminyaka engama-80 noma ngaphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi siphindeke kabili phakathi kuka-2020 no-2050, sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-426.
Nakuba ukuguga kwenani labantu, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwabantu, kwaqala emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu (njengaseJapan, lapho u-30% wabantu sebengaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), manje amazwe anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi abhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngo-2050, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu bomhlaba abaneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu bazobe behlala emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi.
Incazelo yokuguga
Ezingeni lebhayoloji, ukuguga kuwumphumela wokunqwabelana komonakalo ohlukahlukene wamangqamuzana namangqamuzana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kancane kancane kwamakhono angokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukwanda kwengozi yezifo, futhi ekugcineni nokufa. Lezi zinguquko azinamugqa noma aziguquki, futhi zihlotshaniswa ngokukhululekile neminyaka yomuntu. Ukwehluka okubonwa kubantu asebekhulile akuzenzeki. Ngaphezu kwezinguquko zomzimba, ukuguga kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinye izinguquko zokuphila, njengokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukuthuthela ezindlini ezifaneleka kakhulu, nokufa kwabangane nozakwethu.
Izimo zempilo ezijwayelekile ezihlobene nokuguga
Izimo zempilo ezivamile phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile zihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ama-cataract kanye namaphutha okuvuselela, ubuhlungu beqolo nentamo, kanye ne-osteoarthritis, isifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary, isifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka, nokuwohloka komqondo. Njengoba abantu bekhula, kungenzeka ukuthi bathole izimo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Esinye isici sokuguga ukuvela kwezimo eziningana zezempilo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-geriatric syndromes. Ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wezinto eziningi eziwumsuka, okuhlanganisa ubuthakathaka, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo, ukuwa, ukudangala, nezilonda zokucindezela.
Izinto ezithinta ukuguga okunempilo
Ukuphila okude akunikezeli nje amathuba abantu abadala nemindeni yabo kuphela kodwa nawo wonke umphakathi. Iminyaka eyengeziwe inikeza amathuba okuphishekela imisebenzi emisha, njengokuqhubeka nemfundo, imisebenzi emisha, noma izinkanuko osekunesikhathi eside zinganakwa. Abantu abadala nabo banikela emindenini nasemiphakathini ngezindlela eziningi. Kodwa-ke, izinga okutholwa ngalo la mathuba neminikelo lincike kakhulu esicini esisodwa: impilo.
Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi inani labantu abaphile kahle ngokomzimba lihlala lingashintshi, okusho ukuthi inani leminyaka yokuphila nempilo ebuthaka liyakhula. Ukube abantu bebengaphila le minyaka eyengeziwe benempilo enhle ngokomzimba futhi behlala endaweni esekelayo, ikhono labo lokwenza izinto abazazisayo belizofana nelabantu abasha. Uma le minyaka eyengeziwe ibonakala ngokuwohloka kwamakhono ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, khona-ke umthelela kubantu asebekhulile nasemphakathini uzoba mubi kakhulu.
Nakuba ezinye zezinguquko zezempilo ezenzeka ebudaleni ziwufuzo, eziningi zibangelwa indawo yomuntu ngamunye ngokomzimba nangokwenhlalo - okuhlanganisa imindeni yabo, izindawo ezihlala kuzo kanye nemiphakathi, kanye nezici zabo siqu.
Nakuba ezinye izinguquko empilweni yabantu asebekhulile ziwufuzo, eziningi zibangelwa indawo engokwenyama nengokwenhlalo, okuhlanganisa umndeni wabo, umakhelwane, umphakathi, nezici zomuntu siqu, njengobulili, uhlanga, noma isimo senhlalo-mnotho. Indawo abantu abakhulela kuyo, ngisho nasesiteji se-fetus, kuhlanganiswe nezici zabo zomuntu siqu, kunomthelela wesikhathi eside ekugugeni kwabo.
Indawo engokwenyama nengokwenhlalo ingaba nomthelela ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngempilo ngokuthonya izithiyo noma ukukhuthaza amathuba, izinqumo, nokuziphatha okunempilo. Ukugcina ukuziphatha okunempilo kukho konke ukuphila, ikakhulukazi ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokuyeka ukubhema, konke kunomthelela ekwehliseni ingozi yezifo ezingathathelwana, ukuthuthukisa amakhono angokomzimba nengqondo, kanye nokubambezela ukuthembela ekunakekelweni.
Izimo ezisekelayo ezingokwenyama nezokuhlalisana zivumela abantu ukuba benze izinto ezibalulekile ezingase zibe inselele ngenxa yokuncipha kwamakhono. Izibonelo zezindawo ezisekelayo zihlanganisa ukutholakala kwezakhiwo zomphakathi eziphephile nezifinyelelekayo nezokuthutha, kanye nezindawo okuhanjwa kuzo. Ekuthuthukiseni amasu ezempilo yomphakathi okuguga, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela izindlela zomuntu ngamunye nezemvelo ezinciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuhambisana nokuguga, kodwa nalezo ezingase zithuthukise ukululama, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokukhula komphakathi-ngokwengqondo.
Izinselelo Zokubhekana Nabantu Asebekhulile
Akekho umuntu osekhulile ojwayelekile. Abanye abaneminyaka engu-80 banamakhono angokomzimba nengqondo afana nabaningi abaneminyaka engu-30 ubudala, kuyilapho abanye behlelwa ukwehla okukhulu besebancane. Ukungenelela okuphelele kwezempilo yomphakathi kufanele kubhekane nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlangenwe nakho nezidingo phakathi kwasebekhulile.
Ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele zabantu asebekhulile, ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi kanye nomphakathi kudingeka bavume futhi baphonse inselelo izimo zengqondo zokuguga, bathuthukise izinqubomgomo zokubhekana nezimo zamanje nezicatshangelwayo, nokudala izindawo ezisekelayo ezingokwenyama nezenhlalo ezivumela abantu asebekhulile ukuba benze izinto ezibalulekile ezingase zibe yinselele ngenxa yokuncipha kwamakhono.
Isibonelo salokhoimishini esekelayo yomzimba iwukukhuphula indlu yangasese. Kungasiza asebekhulile noma abantu abangakwazi ukuhamba bahlangabezane nezinkinga ezibangela amahloni lapho beya endlini yangasese. Ekuthuthukiseni amasu ezempilo yomphakathi okuguga, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela izindlela zomuntu ngamunye nezemvelo ezinciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuhambisana nokuguga kodwa nalezo ezingase zithuthukise ukululama, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokukhula komphakathi-ngokwengqondo.
Impendulo ye-WHO
I-United Nations General Assembly imemezele unyaka wezi-2021-2030 njengeshumi leminyaka le-UN lokuguga okunempilo futhi wacela i-World Health Organization ukuthi ihole ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. I-UN Decade of Healthy Aging iwukubambisana komhlaba wonke okuhlanganisa ndawonye ohulumeni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, ochwepheshe, izifundiswa, abezindaba, nezinkampani ezizimele ukuze zenze iminyaka eyi-10 yesenzo esihlelekile, esishukumisayo, nesokuhlanganyela ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimpilo ezinde nezinempilo.
Ishumi leminyaka lisekelwe Ohlelweni Lomhlaba Wonke Lwe-WHO kanye NoHlelo Lokusebenza Ngokuguga Nezempilo kanye ne-United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, esekela ukuzuzwa kwe-United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals.
I-UN Decade of Healthy Aging (2021-2030) ihlose ukufeza izinhloso ezine:
Ukushintsha ukulandisa kanye nezinkolelo-ze mayelana nokuguga;
Ukwakha izindawo ezisekela ukuguga;
Ukuletha ukunakekelwa okudidiyelwe kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo eziyisisekelo kubantu abadala;
Ukuthuthukisa ukulinganisa, ukuqapha, kanye nocwaningo ngokuguga okunempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-13-2023
