Kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi kukuchulukirachulukira. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri akhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 60, kapena kupitirirapo. Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu okalamba m'mayiko onse padziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulira.
Podzafika 2030, munthu mmodzi mwa anthu asanu ndi mmodzi padziko lapansi adzakhala ali ndi zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo. Pa nthawiyo, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo chidzakwera kuchoka pa biliyoni imodzi mu 2020 kufika pa 1.4 biliyoni. Podzafika 2050, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo chidzawirikiza kawiri kufika 2.1 biliyoni. Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka za 80 kapena kupitilira apo chikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri pakati pa 2020 ndi 2050, kufikira 426 miliyoni.
Ngakhale kuti kukalamba kwa anthu, komwe kumadziwika kuti kukalamba kwa anthu, kunayambira m'mayiko opeza ndalama zambiri (monga ku Japan, kumene 30% ya anthu ali ndi zaka zoposa 60), tsopano ndi mayiko otsika ndi apakati omwe akukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Pofika chaka cha 2050, magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a anthu padziko lapansi azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo adzakhala akukhala m'mayiko osauka ndi apakati.
Kufotokozera za ukalamba
Pazachilengedwe, ukalamba ndi chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa kuwonongeka kwa ma cell ndi ma cell pakapita nthawi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwapang’onopang’ono kwa mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda, ndipo pamapeto pake imfa. Zosinthazi sizikhala za mzere komanso sizigwirizana, ndipo zimangogwirizana ndi msinkhu wa munthu. Kusiyanasiyana komwe kumawonedwa pakati pa okalamba sikungochitika mwachisawawa. Kuphatikiza pa kusintha kwa thupi, ukalamba nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwina kwa moyo, monga kupuma pantchito, kusamukira ku nyumba yabwino, ndi imfa ya abwenzi ndi okondedwa.
Matenda wamba okhudzana ndi ukalamba
Matenda omwe amapezeka pakati pa anthu okalamba amaphatikizapo kutayika kwa makutu, ng'ala ndi zolakwika zowonongeka, kupweteka kwa msana ndi khosi, ndi osteoarthritis, matenda a m'mapapo, matenda a shuga, kuvutika maganizo, ndi dementia. Anthu akamakula, amakhala ndi mwayi wokumana ndi zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi.
Chikhalidwe china cha ukalamba ndikutuluka kwa zovuta zingapo zaumoyo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa geriatric syndromes. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kufooka, kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo, kugwa, kukhumudwa, ndi zilonda zapakhosi.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ukalamba wathanzi
Kutalika kwa moyo wautali kumapereka mwayi osati kwa okalamba ndi mabanja awo okha komanso kwa anthu onse. Zaka zowonjezera zimapereka mwayi wochita zinthu zatsopano, monga maphunziro opitilira, ntchito zatsopano, kapena zilakolako zomwe zanyalanyazidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Okalamba amathandizanso mabanja ndi madera m'njira zingapo. Komabe, momwe mwayi ndi zoperekazi zimakwaniritsidwira zimatengera chinthu chimodzi: thanzi.
Umboni umasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino sichisintha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha zaka zomwe amakhala ndi thanzi labwino chikuwonjezeka. Ngati anthu akanakhala ndi moyo zaka zoonjezera zimenezi ali ndi thanzi labwino lakuthupi ndipo akanakhala m’malo ochirikiza, kuthekera kwawo kuchita zinthu zimene amayamikira kukanakhala kofanana ndi kwa achinyamata. Ngati zaka zowonjezera izi makamaka zimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, ndiye kuti zotsatira za okalamba ndi anthu zidzakhala zoipa kwambiri.
Ngakhale kusintha kwina kwaumoyo komwe kumachitika muukalamba ndi chibadwa, zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthupi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu - kuphatikiza mabanja awo, madera ndi madera, komanso mawonekedwe awo.
Ngakhale kusintha kwina kwa thanzi la okalamba ndi chibadwa, zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthupi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikizapo mabanja awo, oyandikana nawo, dera lawo, ndi makhalidwe awo, monga jenda, mtundu, kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu. Malo omwe anthu amakulira, ngakhale mu fetal siteji, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe awo aumwini, zimakhudza nthawi yayitali pa ukalamba wawo.
Malo okhala ndi thupi komanso momwe anthu amakhalira amatha kukhudza thanzi lachindunji kapena mwanjira ina mwa kusokoneza zopinga kapena zolimbikitsa ku mwayi, zisankho, ndi makhalidwe abwino. Kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino m’moyo wonse, makamaka kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, ndi kusiya kusuta, zonsezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda osapatsirana, kusintha luso la thupi ndi maganizo, komanso kuchepetsa kudalira chisamaliro.
Malo othandizira thupi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu amalolanso anthu kuchita zinthu zofunika zomwe zingakhale zovuta chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa luso. Zitsanzo za malo othandizira zimaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa nyumba zotetezeka komanso zofikirika ndi zoyendera, komanso malo oyendamo. Popanga njira za umoyo wa anthu za ukalamba, nkofunika kuganizira osati njira zaumwini ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimachepetsa kutayika kokhudzana ndi ukalamba, komanso zomwe zingapangitse kuchira, kusintha, ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Zovuta Pothana ndi Anthu Okalamba
Palibe munthu wachikulire weniweni. Akuluakulu ena azaka 80 ali ndi mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo mofanana ndi azaka zambiri za 30 zakubadwa, pamene ena amatsika kwambiri adakali achichepere. Njira zothandizira zaumoyo za anthu ziyenera kuthana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi zosowa pakati pa okalamba.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto a anthu okalamba, akatswiri a zaumoyo ndi anthu akuyenera kuvomereza ndi kutsutsa maganizo okalamba, kupanga ndondomeko zothetsera zochitika zamakono ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, ndikupanga malo othandizira thupi ndi anthu omwe amalola okalamba kuchita zinthu zofunika zomwe zingakhale zovuta chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu.
Chitsanzo chimodzi cha zimenezizida zothandizira zolimbitsa thupi ndizonyamula chimbudzi. Zingathandize okalamba kapena anthu omwe sayenda pang'ono kukumana ndi mavuto ochititsa manyazi popita kuchimbudzi. Popanga njira za umoyo wa anthu za ukalamba, ndikofunikira kuganizira osati njira zaumwini ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimachepetsa kutayika kokhudzana ndi ukalamba komanso zomwe zingapangitse kuchira, kusintha, ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Yankho la WHO
United Nations General Assembly idalengeza 2021-2030 ngati UN Zaka khumi za Ukalamba Wathanzi ndipo idapempha World Health Organisation kuti itsogolere kukhazikitsidwa kwake. UN Decade of Healthy Aging ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse womwe umasonkhanitsa maboma, mabungwe a anthu, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, akatswiri, maphunziro, atolankhani, ndi mabungwe azinsinsi kuti achite zaka 10 zogwirizira, zolimbikitsa, komanso zogwirira ntchito limodzi kulimbikitsa moyo wautali komanso wathanzi.
Zaka khumizi zimachokera ku WHO Global Strategy and Action Plan on Aging and Health ndi United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, kuthandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals.
UN Decade of Healthy Aging (2021-2030) ikufuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zinayi:
Kusintha nkhani ndi stereotypes okhudza ukalamba;
Kupanga malo othandizira okalamba;
Kupereka chithandizo chophatikizana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa okalamba;
Kupititsa patsogolo kuyeza, kuyang'anira, ndi kufufuza za ukalamba wathanzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-13-2023
