Zochitika Zaukalamba

Global National Aging Population Survey

(Asia, Europe, South America) Kukalamba kwa anthu

Asia

Japan

Mbiri yakale

Akuti pafupifupi 1915, chiwerengero cha ukalamba ku Japan chinali 5%, ndipo posachedwapa, ukalamba wa Japan ukhoza kufika 40%, kukhala "mtundu wa okalamba".

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, avereji ya moyo wa anthu a ku Japan inapitirizabe kuwonjezeka, kukhala imodzi mwa mayiko aatali kwambiri padziko lapansi.Avereji ya moyo wamasiku ano mu 2018 ndi zaka 81.25 kwa amuna ndi zaka 87.32 kwa akazi, ndipo pofika 2065, idzafika zaka 84.95 kwa amuna ndi zaka 91.35 kwa akazi.Chiwerengero cha anthu opitilira zaka 65 m'chiwerengero cha anthu (chiwerengero chaukalamba) chapitilira kuwonjezeka, kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi.Chiwerengero cha okalamba pano ndi 28.4% mu 2019 ndipo chikuyembekezeka kufika 33.3% pofika 2036 ndi 38.4% pofika 2065.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa

Chiwerengero cha ana obadwa kumene ku Japan chinatsika pansi pa 1 miliyoni kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 2016, ndipo chatsika kwambiri.Kukalamba kwa Japan kumatha kufika 40% ndikukhala "mtundu wa okalamba".Malinga ndi kalembera womaliza wa 2020 wotulutsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zam'kati ndi Kuyankhulana pa Novembara 30, 2021, kuyambira pa Okutobala 1, 2020, anthu onse ku Japan, kuphatikiza akunja, anali 126,146,099.

Malinga ndi kalembera womaliza wa 2020 wotulutsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zam'kati ndi Kuyankhulana pa Novembara 30, 2021, kuyambira pa Okutobala 1, 2020, anthu onse ku Japan, kuphatikiza akunja, anali 126,146,099.Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chinachepa ndi anthu 948,646 kuchokera ku kafukufuku womaliza wa 2015, kuchepa kwa 0.7%, kusonyeza kutsika kwa kafukufuku wachiwiri wotsatizana.Kuphatikiza apo, anthu aku Japan azaka zopitilira 65 adawerengera 28.6% ya anthu onse, kuchuluka kwa 2.0 peresenti poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wakale, ndikukhazikitsanso mbiri yatsopano.

Malinga ndi mulingo wovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi, anthu opitilira zaka 65 amapitilira 7% ya anthu onse, ndiye kuti alowa m'gulu la okalamba.Ngati ifika 14%, yalowa m'magulu okalamba kwambiri.Ngati ifika 20%, yalowa m'magulu okalamba kwambiri.

Mu 2021, ndi kutsika kosalekeza kwa anthu atsopano, chiwerengero chonse cha okalamba azaka 65 ndi kupitilira apo ku Japan komanso kuchuluka kwawo pachiwonetsero chonse chidzafika pa 35.357 miliyoni ndi 28% motsatana.

Chithunzi 1 Chilengezo cha Ofesi ya Cabinet - Zochitika Zakukalamba ndi Zoneneratu Zamtsogolo

Chithunzi 1 Chilengezo cha Ofesi ya Cabinet - Zochitika Zakukalamba ndi Zoneneratu Zamtsogolo

Chithunzi 2 Chilengezo cha Ofesi ya Cabinet - 2020 White Paper on Aging Society

Chithunzi 2 Chilengezo cha Ofesi ya Cabinet - 2020 White Paper on Aging Society

Mapiramidi a Chiwerengero cha Anthu - Piramidi ya Chiwerengero cha Anthu ku Japan mu 2022

JP Japan

M'chaka cha 2022, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Japan ndi:

Zonse chiwerengero cha anthu

124,278,309

100%

Wachinyamata chiwerengero cha anthu

14,539,356

11.70%

Zaka zogwira ntchito chiwerengero cha anthu

72,620,161

58.43%

Okalamba chiwerengero cha anthu

37,118,792

29.87%

Chiwerengero cha okalamba chidzachulukitsa kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha achinyamata pofika chaka cha 2022. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chinafika pa 128, 131, 400 mu 2010..

Mu 2050, okalamba adzakhala 37.43% ya anthu aku Japan, ndipo vuto la ukalamba ndi lalikulu..[World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi [World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi [World Bank Global Statistics]

South Korea

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za okalamba za 2021 zomwe zidatulutsidwa ndi National Bureau of Statistics of Korea pa Seputemba 29, 2019 kuti zikumbukire Tsiku la Okalamba pa Okutobala 2, anthu aku South Korea azaka 65 ndi kupitilira chaka chino ndi 8.537 miliyoni, akuwerengera 16.5%. cha anthu onse.Bungwe la United Nations (UN) limatanthawuza "gulu la anthu okalamba" pamene chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi kupitirira chikuposa 7% ya anthu onse, "gulu la okalamba" pamene liposa 14%, ndi "gulu lokalamba kwambiri" pamene kupitirira 20%.

Pofika pa Novembara 1, 2021, anthu onse ku South Korea anali 51.738 miliyoni, kutsika kwa 91,000 kuchokera chaka chatha.Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti okalamba aku South Korea azaka zopitilira 65 adakwera ndi 5.1% chaka chatha poyerekeza ndi 2020, zomwe zidatenga 16.8% ya anthu onse, poyerekeza ndi 13.3% mu 2016. gulu la Korea Development Institute, linanena kuti chiwerengero chochepa cha kubadwa ndi vuto la ukalamba n'zofanana, ndipo vuto la chiwerengero cha anthu likhoza kukhala vuto la zachuma.

Dziko la South Korea lalowa m’gulu la anthu okalamba m’chaka cha 2017. Bungwe loona za chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba linaneneratu kuti chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba chidzapitirira kuwonjezeka m’tsogolomu, ndipo dziko la South Korea likuyembekezeka kulowa m’gulu la anthu okalamba kwambiri mu 2025 (20.3%, 10.511 miliyoni). ).

Ziwerengero za boma la South Korea zikusonyeza kuti m’zaka 10 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kupita m’tsogolo chawonjezeka ndi 4 peresenti, ndipo anthu azaka 70 kupita m’tsogolo chawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 3.5 peresenti, pamene achinyamata a zaka zapakati pa 19 ndi 15 chatsika. 4%.chiwerengero cha anthu chinatsika ndi 3%.

Statistics Korea imati podzafika 2067, dziko la South Korea lidzakhala dziko lokalamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo theka la anthu azaka zopitilira 65.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa deta, ngakhale kuti umphaŵi wa okalamba ku South Korea wakwera pang’ono, udakali m’gulu la mayiko amene ali m’bungwe la Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).Chiŵerengero cha okalamba m’chiŵerengero cha anthu onse ndi nthaŵi ya moyo wa okalamba chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, monganso chiŵerengero cha okalamba ozunzidwa.

Koma mavuto azachuma a okalamba sasonyeza kuti ali bwino.Chiwopsezo cha umphawi (pansi pa 50% ya ndalama zapakati) pakati pa anthu opuma pantchito azaka za 66 ku South Korea anali 43.2% malinga ndi 2019. Ngakhale kuti pakhala pali kusintha kwa chaka chilichonse kuyambira 2016, kwakhala pang'onopang'ono.Dziko la South Korea lili ndi umphawi wochuluka kwambiri pakati pa okalamba pakati pa mayiko a OECD.Pofika chaka cha 2018, umphawi wa okalamba ku South Korea (43.4%) ndi wapamwamba kuposa Latvia (39%), Estonia (37.6%), ndi Mexico (26.6%).

Utali wa moyo wa okalamba ukuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.Pogwiritsa ntchito chaka cha 2019 ngati choyambira, azaka 65 anali ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka 21.3, ndipo azaka 75 anali ndi chiyembekezo chotsalira cha zaka 13.2, chiwonjezeko chilichonse cha zaka 0.5 kuyambira chaka chapitacho.Zaka zotsalira za moyo wa zaka 65 ku South Korea ndi zaka 23.4 kwa akazi ndi zaka 19.1 kwa amuna, zomwe zili pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala a OECD.Makamaka, moyo wotsalira wa amayi azaka 65 ndi wachiwiri kwa Japan (zaka 24.6) ndi France (zaka 23.9).

Chithunzi M Korea National Data Center
Chithunzi M Korea National Data Center

[Chithunzi-M] The Korea National Data Center, kuyambira kugawa zaka zomwe zatulutsidwa nthawi ino, anthu azaka zapakati pa 50-59 ku South Korea ndi 8.64 miliyoni (16.7%), kuwerengera gawo lalikulu kwambiri.Kutsatiridwa ndi zaka 40-49 (16%), 30-39 zaka (13.3%), 20-29 zaka (13.1%), 60-69 zaka (13%), zaka 70 (11.0%) ndi zaka 10-29 (13.1%) zaka 19 (9.2%).Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anthu opitilira zaka 60 ku South Korea ali pafupi ndi kotala, ndipo kukalamba kukukulirakulira.

Mapiramidi a Population - Chiwerengero cha anthu aku South Korea mu 2022

KR Korea (Republic of Korea)

M'chaka cha 2022, kugawidwa kwa anthu ku South Korea ndi:

Zonse chiwerengero cha anthu

51,829,025

100%

Wachinyamata chiwerengero cha anthu

6.088.966

11.75%

Kugwira ntchito zaka chiwerengero cha anthu

36,903,989

71.20%

Okalamba chiwerengero cha anthu

8,836,070

17.05%

Anthu azaka zogwira ntchito adzakhala osakwana 60% ya anthu onse mu 2038. Chiwerengero cha okalamba chidzaposa achinyamata ndi 2027.

kawiri.Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chidafika 51,858,127 mu 2020.

M’chaka cha 2050, okalamba adzakhala 39.22 peresenti ya anthu a ku South Korea, ndipo vuto la kukalamba kwa anthu n’lalikulu.[World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

 Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

South Korea

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za okalamba za 2021 zomwe zidatulutsidwa ndi National Bureau of Statistics of Korea pa Seputemba 29, 2019 kuti zikumbukire Tsiku la Okalamba pa Okutobala 2, anthu aku South Korea azaka 65 ndi kupitilira chaka chino ndi 8.537 miliyoni, akuwerengera 16.5%. cha anthu onse.Bungwe la United Nations (UN) limatanthawuza "gulu la anthu okalamba" pamene chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi kupitirira chikuposa 7% ya anthu onse, "gulu la okalamba" pamene liposa 14%, ndi "gulu lokalamba kwambiri" pamene kupitirira 20%.

Pofika pa Novembara 1, 2021, anthu onse ku South Korea anali 51.738 miliyoni, kutsika kwa 91,000 kuchokera chaka chatha.Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti okalamba aku South Korea azaka zopitilira 65 adakwera ndi 5.1% chaka chatha poyerekeza ndi 2020, zomwe zidatenga 16.8% ya anthu onse, poyerekeza ndi 13.3% mu 2016. gulu la Korea Development Institute, linanena kuti chiwerengero chochepa cha kubadwa ndi vuto la ukalamba n'zofanana, ndipo vuto la chiwerengero cha anthu likhoza kukhala vuto la zachuma.

Dziko la South Korea lalowa m’gulu la anthu okalamba m’chaka cha 2017. Bungwe loona za chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba linaneneratu kuti chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba chidzapitirira kuwonjezeka m’tsogolomu, ndipo dziko la South Korea likuyembekezeka kulowa m’gulu la anthu okalamba kwambiri mu 2025 (20.3%, 10.511 miliyoni). ).

Ziwerengero za boma la South Korea zikusonyeza kuti m’zaka 10 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kupita m’tsogolo chawonjezeka ndi 4 peresenti, ndipo anthu azaka 70 kupita m’tsogolo chawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 3.5 peresenti, pamene achinyamata a zaka zapakati pa 19 ndi 15 chatsika. 4%.chiwerengero cha anthu chinatsika ndi 3%.

Statistics Korea imati podzafika 2067, dziko la South Korea lidzakhala dziko lokalamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo theka la anthu azaka zopitilira 65.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa deta, ngakhale kuti umphaŵi wa okalamba ku South Korea wakwera pang’ono, udakali m’gulu la mayiko amene ali m’bungwe la Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).Chiŵerengero cha okalamba m’chiŵerengero cha anthu onse ndi nthaŵi ya moyo wa okalamba chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, monganso chiŵerengero cha okalamba ozunzidwa.

Koma mavuto azachuma a okalamba sasonyeza kuti ali bwino.Chiwopsezo cha umphawi (pansi pa 50% ya ndalama zapakati) pakati pa anthu opuma pantchito azaka za 66 ku South Korea anali 43.2% malinga ndi 2019. Ngakhale kuti pakhala pali kusintha kwa chaka chilichonse kuyambira 2016, kwakhala pang'onopang'ono.Dziko la South Korea lili ndi umphawi wochuluka kwambiri pakati pa okalamba pakati pa mayiko a OECD.Pofika chaka cha 2018, umphawi wa okalamba ku South Korea (43.4%) ndi wapamwamba kuposa Latvia (39%), Estonia (37.6%), ndi Mexico (26.6%).

Utali wa moyo wa okalamba ukuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.Pogwiritsa ntchito chaka cha 2019 ngati choyambira, azaka 65 anali ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka 21.3, ndipo azaka 75 anali ndi chiyembekezo chotsalira cha zaka 13.2, chiwonjezeko chilichonse cha zaka 0.5 kuyambira chaka chapitacho.Zaka zotsalira za moyo wa zaka 65 ku South Korea ndi zaka 23.4 kwa akazi ndi zaka 19.1 kwa amuna, zomwe zili pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala a OECD.Makamaka, moyo wotsalira wa amayi azaka 65 ndi wachiwiri kwa Japan (zaka 24.6) ndi France (zaka 23.9).

Chithunzi M Korea National Data Center
Chithunzi M Korea National Data Center

[Chithunzi-M] The Korea National Data Center, kuyambira kugawa zaka zomwe zatulutsidwa nthawi ino, anthu azaka zapakati pa 50-59 ku South Korea ndi 8.64 miliyoni (16.7%), kuwerengera gawo lalikulu kwambiri.Kutsatiridwa ndi zaka 40-49 (16%), 30-39 zaka (13.3%), 20-29 zaka (13.1%), 60-69 zaka (13%), zaka 70 (11.0%) ndi zaka 10-29 (13.1%) zaka 19 (9.2%).Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anthu opitilira zaka 60 ku South Korea ali pafupi ndi kotala, ndipo kukalamba kukukulirakulira.

Mapiramidi a Population - Chiwerengero cha anthu aku South Korea mu 2022

KR Korea (Republic of Korea)

M'chaka cha 2022, kugawidwa kwa anthu ku South Korea ndi:

Zonse chiwerengero cha anthu

51,829,025

100%

Wachinyamata chiwerengero cha anthu

6.088.966

11.75%

Kugwira ntchito zaka chiwerengero cha anthu

36,903,989

71.20%

Okalamba chiwerengero cha anthu

8,836,070

17.05%

Anthu azaka zogwira ntchito adzakhala osakwana 60% ya anthu onse mu 2038. Chiwerengero cha okalamba chidzaposa achinyamata ndi 2027.

kawiri.Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chidafika 51,858,127 mu 2020.

M’chaka cha 2050, okalamba adzakhala 39.22 peresenti ya anthu a ku South Korea, ndipo vuto la kukalamba kwa anthu n’lalikulu.[World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

 Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

Europe

Zomwe zaposachedwa kwambiri zochokera ku Eurostat zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2019, okalamba azaka zopitilira 65 m'maiko 27 a EU adafika 90.5 miliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 20.3% ya anthu onse.Pofika chaka cha 2050, anthu opitilira zaka 65 adzafika 129.8 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 29.4% ya anthu onse.

Ponseponse, chiŵerengero cha ukalamba m’maiko a ku Ulaya ndi chochuluka.Pakati pawo, Italy yafika 23%, ndipo chiwerengero cha okalamba a zaka 65 ndi kupitirira ndi pafupifupi 14.09 miliyoni;Portugal ndi Germany ali ndi chiŵerengero cha ukalamba cha 22%, pomwe Germany ndi zaka 65 ndi kupitirira.Chiwerengero cha okalamba ndi pafupifupi 17.97 miliyoni.

Greece ili ndi ukalamba wa 21%, Sweden, France, ndi Spain onse ali ndi ukalamba wa 20%.Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha okalamba azaka 65 ndi kuposerapo ku France ndi pafupifupi 13.44 miliyoni, ndipo mayiko ena awiri ndi osakwana 10 miliyoni.

Italy

Mbiri yakale

Italy imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi anthu okalamba kwambiri.M’zaka khumi zapitazi, avereji ya zaka za okhala ku Italy yakwera kuchoka pa 43 kufika ku 45.7 zaka, zaka zoyembekezeka za moyo wa amuna zafika zaka 81, ndipo zaka za moyo wa akazi zafika zaka 85.3, ndipo chiŵerengero cha anthu opitirira zaka 65 chafika. wasintha mpaka +23.2%.

Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2017, chiwerengero chonse cha anthu ku Italy chinali 60.57 miliyoni, kuchepa kwa 86,000 poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha, komanso kukula koyipa kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zotsatizana kuyambira 2007. Chaka chatha, ndipo imfa zinatsika kufika pa 608,000 kuchokera pa 648,000.Oposa 115,000 a ku Italy adasamukira kunja ku 2016, kuwonjezeka kwa 12.6% poyerekeza ndi 2015.

Lipotilo linanena kuti kukalamba kwa anthu a ku Italy kunapitirizabe.Mu 2016, anthu opitilira zaka 65 adapitilira 13.5 miliyoni, zomwe zidakwana 22.3% ya anthu onse mdziko muno, zomwe zikuwonjezeka ndi 0.3% kuposa chaka chatha.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zaka za moyo wa amuna a ku Italy mu 2016 zawonjezeka kuchokera zaka 80.1 m'chaka chapitacho kufika zaka 80.6, ndi akazi kuchokera zaka 84.6 kufika zaka 85.1.Kuonjezera apo, zaka zambiri za amayi obereka ku Italy zinawonjezeka mpaka zaka 31.7 mu 2016, ndipo chiwerengero cha kubereka chinatsika kufika pa 1.34 kuchokera ku 1.35 chaka chatha.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero mu 2019, Italy ndi dziko lachiwiri lokalamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Chiwerengero chonse cha Italy ndi pafupifupi 59.5 miliyoni, pomwe pafupifupi 28.6% ali ndi zaka zopitilira 60 ndipo 22.4% ali ndi zaka zopitilira 65.%, 1 mwa anthu 5 ku Italy ali ndi zaka zoposa 65. Germany ndi dziko lachitatu padziko lonse okalamba.Chiwerengero chonse cha Germany ndi pafupifupi 83.15 miliyoni, pomwe anthu opitilira zaka 60 amakhala pafupifupi 27.4%, ndipo anthu opitilira zaka 65 amakhala pafupifupi 21.1%.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa

Mu lipoti laposachedwa ndi Italy Central Statistics Office, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Italy chikuyembekezeka kutsika pafupifupi 47.6 miliyoni mu 2070, kutsika pafupifupi 20% kuyambira Januwale 2020. Atolankhani aku Italy aku 27th adalengeza kuti chiwerengero cha Italy chinali pafupifupi 59.6 miliyoni. Januware 2020, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kutsika mpaka pafupifupi 58 miliyoni mu 2030 ndikupitilira pafupifupi 54.1 miliyoni mu 2050.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, anthu okalamba aku Italy sanganyalanyazidwe.Bungwe la Central Bureau of Statistics likulosera kuti pakati pa 2020 ndi 2050, zaka zambiri za anthu a ku Italy zidzawonjezeka kuchoka pa zaka 45.7 kufika ku 50.7;chiŵerengero cha anthu opitirira zaka 65 m’chiŵerengero chonse chidzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 23.2% kufika pa 35%;chiwerengero cha anthu osapitirira zaka 14 chidzakwera kuchoka pa 13% kufika pa 12%;chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito chidzatsika kuchoka pa 63% kufika pa 53%.Chiwerengero cha kubadwa kwa Italy chakhala chochepa pakati pa mayiko a ku Ulaya kwa zaka zambiri.Kuyambira 2007, chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa anthu aku Italy chaposa chiwerengero cha kubadwa chaka chilichonse.

Bungwe lofufuza kafukufuku la Italy Labor Confederation lati chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba chidzakhudza kwambiri msika wa anthu ogwira ntchito.M'zaka 20, chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito ku Italy azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 63 chidzachepa ndi 6.8 miliyoni, pamene anthu osagwira ntchito zaka 15 ndi 64 adzawonjezeka ndi 3.8 miliyoni.

Mu 2021, atolankhani aku Italy adanenanso kuti, pakali pano, chiwerengero cha anthu aku Italiya azaka zopitilira 65 ndi kuwirikiza 1.5 kuchuluka kwa achinyamata osakwana zaka 14, ndipo pofika 2030, chiŵerengerochi chidzakwera nthawi 2.07.Kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba kwabweretsa mavuto aakulu ku ndale za ku Italy, chuma ndi anthu.

Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu okalamba kwadzetsa mavuto a anthu.Mwachitsanzo, malingaliro a anthu ovota okalamba amakhudza kwambiri ndondomeko ya dziko ndikukonzanso chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ku Italy.Kuwonjezera apo, anthu a ku Italy ali ndi malingaliro amphamvu a banja, ndipo kusamalira okalamba kumawonedwa ngati udindo wa banja.Kuchuluka kwa nyumba zosungirako anthu okalamba ndi ntchito zosamalira kunyumba ku Italy sikuli kokwera, ndipo mabungwe aboma ndi anthu azingolowererapo pomwe amwenye opanda kanthu ndi okalamba osakwatiwa akuwafuna.Chifukwa chake, thanzi komanso chisamaliro chatsiku ndi tsiku kwa anthu okalamba zakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri ku Italy.Bungwe la nyuzipepala ya ku Italy ANSA linatchula zomwe zaposachedwapa kuchokera ku Italy Health Observatory zosonyeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2028, padzakhala okalamba pafupifupi 6.3 miliyoni ku Italy omwe adzataya ufulu wawo, zomwe zidzabweretse mavuto aakulu a anthu monga kusamalidwa kokwanira.Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chiŵerengero cha okalamba ku Italy amene akuvutika ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhani za kusudzulana kwa okalamba okonzanso mabanja awo zakhala zikuwonjezereka m’zaka zaposachedwapa.

Mapiramidi a Chiwerengero cha Anthu - Piramidi ya Chiwerengero cha Anthu ku Italy mu 2022

IT Italy

M'chaka cha 2022, kugawidwa kwa anthu ku Italy ndi:

Chiwerengero cha anthu

59,119,400

100%

Chiwerengero cha achinyamata

7,416,450

12.54%

Chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito

37.601.842

63.60%

Chiwerengero cha okalamba

14,101.108

23.85%

Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zogwira ntchito chidzakhala chochepera 60% mwa anthu onse mchaka cha 2032. Chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba chidzaposa kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha achinyamata pofika chaka cha 2024. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chinafika pa 60,347,844 mu 2014.

Mu 2050, anthu okalamba adzakhala 37.09 peresenti ya anthu a ku Italy, ndipo vuto la kukalamba kwa anthu ndi lalikulu.] World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

Germany

Mbiri yakale

Germany idayamba kukalamba kwanthawi yayitali mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19.Mu 1930, anthu azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi kupitilira apo adawerengera 7% ya anthu onse, zomwe zidawonetsa kuti Germany idatsogola kulowa mgulu la okalamba.Kuyambira pamenepo, chiŵerengero cha okalamba chapitirizabe kukwera.Pazaka 45 kuyambira 1930 mpaka 1975, chiwerengero cha anthu aku Germany azaka 65 ndi kupitilira apo chakwera kuchoka pa 7% mpaka 14%.

Mkhalidwe wachuma ku Germany ukulolera kukalamba kwa anthu, motero inshuwaransi yake ya penshoni ndi ndalama zapenshoni ndizokwera kwambiri.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiwongola dzanja cha inshuwaransi ya penshoni ku Germany mu 1997 ndi 1998 chinali chokwera mpaka 20.3%.Maziko ake amphamvu azachuma amapatsa likulu kuti asunge ndalama zambiri zapenshoni.Komabe, kukula kwachitukuko cha ukalamba wa anthu ndi kuwonjezereka kwa zaka zoyembekeza kukhala ndi moyo kudzachititsa kuti chiwonjezeko cha anthu opuma pantchito ndi zaka zimene amalandira.Ngakhale momwe chuma chilili panopa, n'zokayikitsa ngati phindu lapamwamba lapachiyambi likhoza kusungidwa..Ngati chuma chikuipiraipira ndipo kuuma kwa umoyo wabwino kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kuchepetsa mlingo wa penshoni, zidzakhala zovuta kukwera kambuku.Germany akudziwa izi, ndipo anayesa kuchepetsa mlingo wochuluka penshoni mu Pensheni Reform Act wa 1999, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha anthu pachimake mawerengedwe chilinganizo penshoni, ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa kudziletsa kuchepa kwa penshoni mlingo, ndi / penshoni Golide Level Guarantee Ndime 0 yotsimikizira milingo yapenshoni yokhazikika.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa

Mu 2020, anthu a ku Germany ndi 83.155 miliyoni, ndi kukula kwachilengedwe kwa -2.5 ‰, kuchepa kwa 0,9 peresenti poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya kukula kwa mwana mu 1964. Kwa zaka 48 zotsatizana, anthu atsopanowa sanathe kupanga kusiyana kwa imfa, makamaka kudalira anthu othawa kwawo komanso anthu ochokera m'mayiko ena monga gwero la kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Germany chikuyembekezeka kutsika ndi pafupifupi 6% pofika 2060 poyerekeza ndi 2020. Panali anthu 212,000 omwe amwalira ku Germany mu 2020, kuchokera pa 161,000 mu 2019, ndipo kusiyana kwachilengedwe kukukulirakulira.Malinga ndi ofesi ya Federal Statistical Office yaku Germany, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa anthu aku Germany mu 2020 chifukwa cha vuto la mliri watsopano wa korona, kuchuluka kwa okalamba kudapitilira kukula.Chiwerengero cha azaka zapakati pa 80 ndi kupitirira chinawonjezeka ndi 4.5% kuposa chaka chatha kufika pa 5.9 miliyoni, kukweza ndalama za penshoni ndi ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo.

Malinga ndi data ya Banki Yadziko Lonse, kuyambira 1950 mpaka 2020, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 65 ndi kupitilira apo ku Germany chakwera kuchoka pa 9.7% mpaka 21.9%, kuposa 16.6%, 18.2%, 18.7%, ndi 20.8% ya United States, Hong Kong, China, ndi France.Ili pachisanu ndi chimodzi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ikuyembekezeka kufika 28.5% pofika 2060. Ponena za zaka zapakati, malinga ndi deta ya CIA World Factbook, zaka zapakati pa Germany zidakwera kuchokera ku 34.2 zaka mpaka zaka 47.8 mu 1970-2020, ndikuyika pachinayi. padziko lapansi, otsika pang’ono poyerekezera ndi zaka 48.7 za ku Japan, ndipo ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa Italy, France, Britain ndi United States.pakati.Potengera kufulumira kwa ukalamba, liwiro la ukalamba la Germany ndi lachiwiri ku Japan, lomwe lili pamalo oyamba m'maiko aku Western.Zinatengera Germany zaka 40 kuti asinthe kuchoka ku ukalamba wopitilira 7% ya anthu azaka 65 kupita ku ukalamba wopitilira 14%, ndi zaka 65, 126, 46, 24 ku United States, France, United Kingdom, ndi Japan.chaka.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa kwambiri zotulutsidwa ndi Germany Federal Statistics Office pa 27th mu 2020, pofika kumapeto kwa 2019, kunali okalamba 17.7 miliyoni azaka 65 ndi kupitilira apo ku Germany, akuwerengera 21.4% ya anthu onse.Chiwerengero cha okalamba ku Germany chakula ndi 36.6% pazaka 20 zapitazi.Kumapeto kwa 1997, okalamba ku Germany azaka 65 ndi kupitilira apo anali 13 miliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 15.8% ya anthu onse.

Akazi anali 56.4% mwa anthu a ku Germany azaka 65 ndi kupitirira, poyerekeza ndi 63% kumapeto kwa 1997. Pakati pa mayiko a EU, Germany ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi anthu okalamba kwambiri.Avereji ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi kupitilira mu EU ndi 19.4% ya anthu onse, Italy ndi Greece okha ndi akulu pang'ono kuposa Germany.

Chifukwa cha ukalamba, Germany ikukumana ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito ya unamwino.Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani aku Germany pakadali pano ali ndi anamwino pafupifupi 1 miliyoni, ndipo ntchito yaunamwino ndi yayikulu.Kumapeto kwa 2017, anthu pafupifupi 2.9 miliyoni ku Germany anafunikira chisamaliro, ndipo pofika 2030, anthu 4.1 miliyoni akuyembekezeka kufunikira chisamaliro.

Mu Julayi 2020, boma la Germany lidalengeza kuti likufuna kuwonjezera malipiro a anamwino, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, komanso kulimbikitsa maphunziro a unamwino.Unduna wa Zaumoyo a Jens Spahn adatinso akufuna kulemba anthu ena anamwino ochokera kutsidya lina.

Mu Disembala 2019, anthu 4.13 miliyoni ku Germany adafunikira chisamaliro chanthawi yayitali monga momwe Lamulo la Inshuwaransi Yanthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu 710,000 kapena 21% poyerekeza ndi anthu 3.41 miliyoni omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chanthawi yayitali mu Disembala 2017.

Pamene lingaliro latsopano, lalikulu la chisamaliro cha nthawi yaitali likudziwika, ndipo kukalamba kophatikizana kukukulirakulira, chiwerengero cha anthu ofunikira chisamaliro chidzawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa ogwira nawo ntchito yosamalira anamwino, mu 2017, Germany inali ndi antchito osamalira okalamba 764,000 m'nyumba zosungira anthu okalamba ndi 390,000 ogwira ntchito yosamalira anamwino, okwana 1.155 miliyoni, omwe anali otsika kwambiri kuposa 3.41 miliyoni omwe amafunikira ntchito za unamwino zomwe chaka.

Kutengera kugawidwa kwa zipatala ndi zipatala pafupi ndi malo okhala, pafupifupi 67% ya anthu osowa chithandizo ku Germany mu 2019 amakhala m'mabanja ndipo amasamaliridwa ndi achibale kapena akatswiri omwe amapereka chithandizo chakunja.Koma malinga ndi kunena kwa Berlin Demographic Institute, oposa 76 peresenti ya ana obadwa kumene ku Germany amakonda kukhala paokha kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi kuyendayenda momasuka m’malo awo okhala, m’malo mongosamalidwa kunyumba.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, 35% ya okalamba m'deralo amakhulupirira kuti n'kofunika kwambiri kukhala ndi dokotala wathunthu wabanja ndi sitolo yachipatala mkati mwa maulendo aatali oyenda kapena onyamula magalimoto.Makamaka kum'maŵa kwa Germany ndi madera akumidzi, kachulukidwe kagawidwe ka nthambi zachipatala ndi zipatala zachipatala ndi zosakwana 60% zomwe zili m'madera otukuka akumadzulo, ndipo kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito ya unamwino kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri ndi ukalamba.

Mapiramidi a Chiwerengero cha Anthu - Pyramid Population of Germany mu 2022

DE Germany

M'chaka cha 2022, kugawidwa kwa anthu ku Germany ndi:

Zonse chiwerengero cha anthu

83,426,788

100%

Wachinyamata chiwerengero cha anthu

11.626.786

13.94%

Kugwira ntchito zaka chiwerengero cha anthu

53,221,159

63.79%

Okalamba chiwerengero cha anthu

18,578,843

22.27%

Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zogwira ntchito chidzakhala chochepera 60% mwa anthu onse mchaka cha 2030. Chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba chidzaposa kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha achinyamata pofika chaka cha 2033. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chidzafika pa 83,426,788 mu 2022;

Mu 2050, okalamba adzawerengera 30.43% ya anthu aku Germany, ndipo vuto la ukalamba wa anthu ndi lalikulu.[World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

Russia

Mbiri yakale

Chiyambireni kutha kwa Soviet Union mu 1991, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Russia chacheperachepera pazifukwa zambiri zachuma ndi chikhalidwe.Chiwerengero cha Russia chinali 148.6 miliyoni mu 1993, ndipo chinagwera pafupifupi 142.8 miliyoni mu 2008, kuchepa kwa pafupifupi 6 miliyoni.Kuchokera mu 1992 mpaka 2008, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Russia chinatsika kuchoka pa 148.5 miliyoni kufika pa 142.7 miliyoni, kutsika kwa anthu pafupifupi 5.8 miliyoni.

Mu 2013, dziko la Russia lidakumana ndi chiwonjezeko choyambirira cha anthu kuyambira pomwe idalandira ufulu wodzilamulira, ndipo kubadwa 22,900 kupitilira kufa.Mu 2015, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Russia chinawonjezeka kufika pa 146.3 miliyoni, kukwaniritsa zolinga ndi ntchito za "Concept of Population Policy of the Russian Federation mpaka 2025" patsogolo pa nthawi.Mu 2017, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Russia chinakwera kufika pa 146.88 miliyoni, chiwerengero chachiwiri cha anthu onse ku Russia kuyambira pamene Soviet Union inagwa.

Komabe, zinthu zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu ku Russia chichepe sichinasinthidwe kwenikweni, ndipo kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa anthu kwabweranso pambuyo popumula kwakanthawi.Kuchokera mu 2018, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Russia chinayambanso kuchepa, ndipo kuchepa kwawonjezeka kwambiri.

Malinga ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, ngati okalamba azaka zopitilira 60 amawerengera 10% ya anthu onse, kapena okalamba azaka zopitilira 65 afika 7% ya anthu onse, ndiye kuti dzikolo layamba kulowa. anthu okalamba.Chiŵerengero chodalira okalamba chafika pa 34% mpaka 36%.Chiŵerengero cha anthu odalira okalamba cha mayiko omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la ukalamba padziko lonse panthawi yomweyi ndi: 17.2% mpaka 24.2% ku Japan, 24.1% 24,3% ku UK, ndi 21.7% ku Germany.%~23.7%, France 21.3% ~ 24.8% Kuchokera kuyerekeza kwapadziko lonse, chiŵerengero cha kudalira okalamba ku Russia ndipamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti digiri ya ukalamba chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Russia n’choopsa kwambiri.”Pofika Januware 2005, Russia 60 Chiwerengero cha anthu opitilira zaka 65 ndi 17.33% ya anthu onse, ndipo anthu opitilira zaka 65 ndi 13.72% ya anthu onse.

Pambuyo pa kuchepa pang'ono mu 2018 ndi 2019, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Russia chinayambitsa zovuta zachilendo 2020. Kukhudzidwa ndi mliri watsopano wa korona, chiwerengero cha imfa mu 2020 chinawonjezeka ndi 18% poyerekeza ndi 2019, kufika pafupifupi 2.139 miliyoni, omwe pafupifupi 104,000 imfa zinayambitsidwa mwachindunji ndi kachilombo ka korona katsopano.Panthawi yomweyi, chiwerengero cha obadwa ku Russia chinali pafupifupi 1.437 miliyoni, kuchepa kwa 44,600 kuchokera mu 2019. Panali anthu ambiri omwalira kuposa obadwa, ndipo kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuyambira 2005. ya olowa m'mayiko akunja, ndipo mu 2020 Russia idzangowonjezera anthu pafupifupi 100,000 kudzera m'mayiko ena.Kuphatikiza kwa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu osamukira kumayiko ena kwachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chichepetse pafupifupi 600,000 ku Russia mu 2020, 18 kuwirikiza mu 2019 komanso chachikulu kwambiri kuyambira 2003.

Mu 2019, chiwerengero cha anthu aku Russia azaka zopitilira 65 chinali 14%, ndipo pofika koyambirira kwa 2021, chafika 15.5%.Ngakhale kuti kukalamba kwa Russia sikuli koopsa ngati kwa Japan ndi maiko a ku Ulaya, kwafika pamtunda wa mayiko otukuka monga United States, Australia ndi Canada, ndipo zochitika za "kukalamba usanalemere" zikuchulukirachulukira. otchuka kwambiri.Chachiwiri, vuto lakale la kusamvana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi silinathe.Mu 2021, amuna adzawerengera 46.3% ya anthu aku Russia ndi 53.7% ya akazi, ndi akazi pafupifupi 11 miliyoni kuposa amuna.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa

Malinga ndi Russian Federal Bureau of Statistics, chakumayambiriro kwa 2020, chiwerengero chonse cha Russia chinali 146.781 miliyoni, pomwe oposa 32 miliyoni anali ndi zaka zopitilira 60, zomwe zimawerengera 21.8% ya anthu onse.

Malinga ndi deta yeniyeni, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa 2020, chiwerengero cha Russia chinali 146.781 miliyoni, kuphatikizapo amuna 68.097 miliyoni ndi akazi 78.684 miliyoni.Malinga ndi magulu azaka:

1) Pali ana oposa 18 miliyoni azaka zapakati pa 0-9, ndi achinyamata oposa 14.7 miliyoni azaka zapakati pa 10-19;

2) Pali achinyamata oposa 17.3 miliyoni azaka 20-29, 24.4 miliyoni azaka 30-39, ndi 20.3 miliyoni azaka 40-49;

3) Pali opuma pantchito 19.8 miliyoni azaka zapakati pa 50-59;

4) Pali anthu opitilira 32 miliyoni azaka zopitilira 60, omwe ndi 21.8% ya anthu onse.

RU Russian Federation

M'chaka cha 2022, kugawidwa kwa anthu ku Russian Federation ndi:

Zonse chiwerengero cha anthu

144,732,514

100%

Wachinyamata chiwerengero cha anthu

25,685,450

17.75%

Kugwira ntchito zaka chiwerengero cha anthu

96,329,309

66.56%

Okalamba chiwerengero cha anthu

22,717,755

15.70%

Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zogwira ntchito chidzakhala chochepera 60% ya anthu onse mu 2051. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chinakwera kwambiri mu 1994 pa 148,932,648.

Mu 2050, chiwerengero cha okalamba ndi 24.12% ya anthu a Russian Federation, ndipo vuto la ukalamba ndi lalikulu.[World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

South America

Brazil

Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wapabanja wapadziko lonse wotulutsidwa ndi National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Lachisanu (22nd), anthu aku Brazil awonetsa ukalamba mzaka khumi kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2021.

Malinga ndi malipoti, chiwerengero cha anthu a zaka zosakwana 30 ku Brazil chidzatsika kuchoka pa 49.9% mu 2012 kufika pa 43.9% mu 2021. Malinga ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, chiwerengero cha anthu amsinkhu uwu chinatsika kuchoka pa 98.7 miliyoni. kufika pa 93.4 miliyoni pazaka khumi zapitazi, kutsika kwa 5.4%.Pakati pawo, anthu azaka za 14 mpaka 17 adatsika kuchokera pa 14.1 miliyoni kufika pa 12.3 miliyoni m'zaka khumi, kuchepa kwa 12,7%.

Kumbali inayi, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi kupitirira apo chakwera kuchoka pa 50.1% mu 2012 kufika pa 56.1% mu 2021, ndipo chiwerengero chakwera kuchoka pa 99.1 miliyoni kufika pa 119.3 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 20.4%.Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zapakati pa 60 kapena kupitilira apo chinakwera kuchoka pa 11.3% kufika pa 14.7%, ndipo chiŵerengerocho chinakwera kuchoka pa 22.3 miliyoni kufika pa 31.2 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 39.8%.

Pakati pa 2012 ndi 2021, chiwerengero chonse cha anthu ku Brazil chinakwera ndi 7.6% kuchoka pa 197.7 miliyoni kufika pa 212.7 miliyoni.

Malinga ndi lipoti lopangidwa ndi South American Overseas Chinese News, deta yotulutsidwa ndi Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) pa 25th inasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu ku Brazil chidzafika 233 miliyoni mu 2047, koma chiwerengero cha Brazil chidzachepa pang'onopang'ono. kuyambira 2048 mpaka 228 miliyoni mu 2060.

Mu 2018, dziko la Brazil linali ndi ovota 161 miliyoni, kapena nzika zazaka 16 kapena kuposerapo, kuwonjezeka kwa 2.5 peresenti poyerekeza ndi 2016.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo ku Brazil mu 2020 ndi zaka 72.74 kwa amuna ndi zaka 79.8 kwa akazi.Podzafika 2060, zaka zoyembekezeka za moyo ku Brazil zidzakwera kufika zaka 77.9 kwa amuna ndi zaka 84.23 kwa akazi.

Pofika chaka cha 2060, chiwerengero cha anthu opitilira zaka 65 chikuyembekezeka kupitilira munthu mmodzi mwa anayi.Chiwerengero cha okalamba ku Brazil masiku ano ndi 9.2%, kukwera mpaka 20% pofika 2046 ndi 25.5% pofika 2060.

Mapiramidi a Chiwerengero cha Anthu - Chiwerengero cha Anthu ku Brazil mu 2022

BR Brazil

M'chaka cha 2022, kugawidwa kwa anthu ku Brazil ndi:

Chiwerengero cha anthu

214,824,774

100%

Chiwerengero cha achinyamata

43,831.707

20.40%

Chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito

150,102.853

69.87%

Chiwerengero cha okalamba

20,890.214

9.72%

Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zogwira ntchito chidzakhala chocheperapo 60% ya anthu onse mu 2060. Chiwerengero cha okalamba chidzaposa kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha achinyamata mu 2064. Chiwerengero chonsecho chinafika pa 231,180,088 mu 2047.

Mu 2050, chiwerengero cha okalamba chidzawerengera 21.68% ya anthu aku Brazil, ndipo vuto la kukalamba kwa anthu ndi lalikulu.[World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

Chithunzi 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]