Tsofaffi Trends

Tarihin tarihi

Ana ɗaukar Italiya ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi yawan tsufa.A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, matsakaicin shekarun mazauna Italiya ya karu daga shekaru 43 zuwa 45.7, tsawon rayuwar maza ya kai shekaru 81, kuma tsawon rayuwar mata ya kai shekaru 85.3, kuma adadin yawan jama'a sama da 65 ya kasance. ya canza zuwa +23.2%.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa ya zuwa ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2017, jimillar mutanen Italiya miliyan 60.57 ne, raguwar 86,000 idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata, kuma ba a samu ci gaba mai muni ba tsawon shekaru tara a jere tun daga shekarar 2007. Sabbin haihuwa sun kai 474,000 a shekarar 2016 daga 486,000. shekarar da ta gabata, kuma mutuwar ta ragu zuwa 608,000 daga 648,000.Fiye da Italiyanci 115,000 sun yi hijira zuwa ƙasashen waje a cikin 2016, haɓaka na 12.6% idan aka kwatanta da 2015.

Rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa, tsarin tsufa na al'ummar Italiya ya ci gaba da yin tasiri.A shekarar 2016, yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 65 ya zarce miliyan 13.5, wanda ya kai kashi 22.3% na yawan al'ummar kasar, wanda ya karu da kashi 0.3 bisa na shekarar da ta gabata.A lokaci guda, matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar mazan Italiya a cikin 2016 ya karu daga shekaru 80.1 a cikin shekarar da ta gabata zuwa shekaru 80.6, kuma mata daga shekaru 84.6 zuwa shekaru 85.1.Bugu da kari, matsakaicin shekarun mata masu haihuwa a Italiya ya karu zuwa shekaru 31.7 a shekarar 2016, kuma matsakaicin yawan haihuwa ya ragu zuwa 1.34 daga 1.35 a bara.

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi a shekarar 2019, Italiya ita ce kasa ta biyu mafi tsufa a duniya.Jimlar yawan jama'ar Italiya kusan miliyan 59.5 ne, wanda kusan kashi 28.6% sun haura shekaru 60 kuma 22.4% sun haura shekaru 65.%, 1 a cikin mutane 5 a Italiya ya wuce shekaru 65. Jamus ita ce ƙasa ta uku mafi tsufa a duniya.Jimlar yawan jama'ar Jamus kusan miliyan 83.15 ne, wanda yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 60 ya kai kusan kashi 27.4%, kuma yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 65 ya kai kusan kashi 21.1%.

Binciken baya-bayan nan

A cikin sabon rahoton da Ofishin Kididdiga na Tsakiyar Italiya ya fitar, ana sa ran yawan mutanen Italiya zai ragu da kusan miliyan 47.6 a cikin 2070, ya ragu da kusan kashi 20% daga watan Janairun 2020. Kafofin yada labaran Italiya sun ruwaito a ranar 27th cewa yawan mutanen Italiya ya kai kusan miliyan 59.6 Janairu 2020, kuma ana sa ran wannan adadin zai ragu zuwa kusan miliyan 58 a shekarar 2030 sannan kuma zuwa kusan miliyan 54.1 a shekarar 2050.

Baya ga raguwar yawan jama'a, ba za a iya yin watsi da yawan tsufa na Italiya ba.Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ta yi hasashen cewa tsakanin 2020 da 2050, matsakaicin shekarun Italiyanci zai karu daga masu shekaru 45.7 zuwa shekaru 50.7;Adadin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 65 a cikin jimillar jama'a zai karu daga 23.2% zuwa 35%;yawan mutanen da ke kasa da shekaru 14 zai karu daga 13% zuwa fiye da 12%;Adadin yawan shekarun aiki zai ragu daga 63% zuwa 53%.Yawan haihuwa na Italiya ya kasance a matakin ƙasa a tsakanin ƙasashen Turai shekaru da yawa.Tun daga shekara ta 2007, adadin mutuwar al'ummar Italiya ya zarce yawan haihuwa a kowace shekara.

Cibiyar bincike ta kungiyar kwadago ta Italiya ta ce yawan tsufa zai yi matukar tasiri a kasuwar kwadago ta kasar.A cikin shekaru 20, yawan shekarun aiki na Italiya tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 63 zai ragu da miliyan 6.8, yayin da yawan mutanen da ba su yi aiki ba a karkashin 15 da sama da 64 zai karu da miliyan 3.8.

A cikin 2021, kafofin watsa labaru na Italiya sun ba da rahoton cewa, a halin yanzu, adadin Italiyanci fiye da shekaru 65 ya ninka sau 1.5 na matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 14, kuma nan da 2030, wannan adadin zai karu zuwa sau 2.07.Canje-canje a cikin tsarin alƙaluma na al'ummar da suka tsufa sun kawo ƙalubale mai tsanani ga siyasar Italiya, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.

Haɓaka yawan tsufa ya kawo wasu matsalolin zamantakewa.Misali, ra'ayin jama'a na tsofaffin masu jefa kuri'a yana da tasiri a matakin manufofin kasa kuma ya sake fasalin yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Italiya.Bugu da ƙari, Italiyanci suna da ma'anar iyali, kuma ana ganin kula da tsofaffi a matsayin nauyin iyali.Adadin gidajen kulawa da sabis na kula da gida a Italiya ba su da yawa, kuma hukumomin gwamnati da al'umma za su shiga tsakani kawai lokacin da babu komai da tsofaffi marasa aure ke buƙatar su.Sabili da haka, yanayin kiwon lafiya da kulawar yau da kullun na yawan tsofaffi ya zama wani lamari mai mahimmanci a cikin al'ummar Italiya.Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Italiya ANSA ya ambaci sabbin bayanai daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Italiya da ke nuna cewa nan da shekara ta 2028, za a samu tsofaffi kusan miliyan 6.3 a Italiya wadanda za su rasa ‘yancin kansu, wanda zai kawo matsalolin zamantakewa kamar rashin isasshen kulawa.A sa'i daya kuma, yawan tsofaffi a Italiya da ke fama da bakin ciki da kuma kisan aure na tsofaffi da ke sake tsara iyalansu su ma suna karuwa a 'yan shekarun nan.

Dala Yawan Jama'a - Pyramid Yawan Jama'a na Italiya a 2022

IT Italiya

A shekara ta 2022, yawan yawan jama'a na Italiya shine:

Jimlar yawan jama'a	59,119,400	100%
Yawan yara	7,416,450	12.54%
Yawan shekarun aiki	37.601.842	63.60%
Yawan tsofaffi	14,101.108	23.85%

Yawan shekarun aiki zai kasance kasa da kashi 60 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a a shekarar 2032. Yawan tsofaffi zai ninka yawan matasa a shekarar 2024. Yawan jama'a ya kai 60,347,844 a shekarar 2014.

A cikin 2050, yawan tsofaffi za su kai kashi 37.09% na yawan jama'ar Italiya, kuma matsalar tsufa na da tsanani.]Kididdigar Duniya na Bankin Duniya]

Hoto na 2 [Kididdigar Duniya ta Bankin Duniya]

Tarihin tarihi

Jamus ta fara tsarin tsufanta a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19.A cikin 1930, yawan jama'arta masu shekaru 65 zuwa sama sun kai kashi 7% na yawan jama'a, wanda ke nuna cewa Jamus ce ta jagoranci shiga cikin al'ummar da ta tsufa.Tun daga wannan lokacin, adadin tsofaffi ya ci gaba da karuwa.A cikin shekaru 45 daga 1930 zuwa 1975, yawan jama'ar Jamus masu shekaru 65 zuwa sama ya tashi daga 7% zuwa 14%.

Halin tattalin arzikin Jamus ya fi yin haƙuri ga tsufa, don haka adadin inshorar fensho da matakan fensho ya yi yawa.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, yawan adadin inshorar fensho na doka a Jamus a cikin 1997 da 1998 ya kai kashi 20.3%.Tushen tattalin arzikinta mai ƙarfi yana ba ta babban jari don kula da yawan kashe kuɗin fensho.Duk da haka, zurfafa haɓakar tsufa na yawan jama'a da haɓakar tsawon rayuwa ba makawa zai haifar da haɓakar adadin masu karɓar fansho da adadin shekarun da suke karɓa.Ko da a halin da ake ciki na tattalin arziki na yanzu, yana da shakku ko za a iya kiyaye babban matakin fa'ida na asali..Idan yanayin tattalin arziki ya tabarbare kuma taurin kai na babban jindadin ya sa yana da wahala a rage matakin fensho sosai, zai yi wuya a hau damisa.Jamus na sane da haka, kuma ta yi ƙoƙarin rage yawan ƙimar fensho a cikin dokar sake fasalin fensho ta 1999, ta ƙara haɓakar haɓakar yawan jama'a zuwa tsarin lissafin fensho, kuma a lokaci guda don tabbatar da matsakaicin raguwar matakin fensho. tare da / fensho Garanti matakin Zinare 0 don tabbatar da daidaitattun matakan fensho.

Binciken baya-bayan nan

A cikin 2020, yawan jama'ar Jamus ya kai miliyan 83.155, tare da haɓakar dabi'a na -2.5‰, raguwar maki 0.9 cikin ɗari idan aka kwatanta da lokacin haɓakar jarirai a cikin 1964. A cikin shekaru 48 a jere, sabbin yawan jama'a ba su iya daidaitawa don daidaitawa. gibin mutuwa, galibi dogara ga baƙi da baƙi na ƙarni na biyu a matsayin tushen haɓakar yawan jama'a.Ana sa ran yawan al’ummar Jamus zai ragu da kusan kashi 6% nan da shekarar 2060 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2020. An samu karin mace-mace fiye da 212,000 fiye da haihuwa a Jamus a shekarar 2020, daga 161,000 a shekarar 2019, kuma gibin karuwar yawan al’umma ya karu.Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayyar Jamus ta bayyana cewa, duk da karuwar mace-macen al'ummar Jamus a shekarar 2020 sakamakon illar da sabuwar cutar ta kambi, yawan tsofaffi ya ci gaba da karuwa.Yawan jama'a masu shekaru 80 zuwa sama sun karu da 4.5% sama da shekarar da ta gabata zuwa miliyan 5.9, tare da haɓaka zinare na fansho da farashin kula da lafiya.

Dangane da bayanan Bankin Duniya, daga 1950 zuwa 2020, yawan mutanen da shekarunsu suka wuce 65 zuwa sama a Jamus ya karu daga 9.7% zuwa 21.9%, sama da 16.6%, 18.2%, 18.7%, da 20.8% na Amurka. Hong Kong, China, da Faransa.Yana matsayi na shida a duniya kuma ana sa ran zai kai kashi 28.5% nan da shekarar 2060. Dangane da matsakaicin shekaru, bisa ga bayanan CIA World Factbook, matsakaicin shekarun a Jamus ya karu daga shekara 34.2 zuwa 47.8 shekaru a 1970-2020, a matsayi na hudu. a duniya, dan kadan ya fi na Japan mai shekaru 48.7, kuma ya fi Italiya, Faransa, Birtaniya da Amurka girma.tsakiya.Ta fuskar saurin tsufa, saurin tsufa na Jamus ya zo na biyu bayan Japan, wanda ke matsayi na farko a ƙasashen yammacin Turai.An dauki Jamus shekaru 40 kafin ta sauya daga yawan mutanen da suka tsufa fiye da kashi 7% na yawan mutanen da suka kai shekaru 65 zuwa sama da shekaru sama da 14%, da 65, 126, 46, 24 shekaru a Amurka, Faransa, Ingila, da Japan.shekara.

Dangane da sabon bayanan alƙaluman da Ofishin Kididdiga na Tarayyar Jamus ya fitar a ranar 27 ga watan 2020, ya zuwa ƙarshen 2019, akwai tsofaffi miliyan 17.7 masu shekaru 65 zuwa sama da haka a Jamus, wanda ke da kashi 21.4% na jimlar yawan jama'a.Yawan tsofaffi na Jamus ya karu da kashi 36.6 cikin dari cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.A ƙarshen 1997, yawan tsofaffin Jamus masu shekaru 65 da haihuwa sun kai miliyan 13, wanda ya kai kashi 15.8% na yawan jama'a.

Mata sun kai kashi 56.4% na al’ummar Jamus masu shekaru 65 zuwa sama, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 63% a karshen shekarar 1997. A cikin kasashen EU, Jamus kasa ce mai tsananin tsufa.Matsakaicin adadin mutanen da suka kai 65 zuwa sama a cikin EU shine kashi 19.4% na yawan jama'a, Italiya da Girka ne kawai suka girmi Jamus.

Tare da yanayin tsufa, Jamus na fuskantar ƙarancin ƙarancin ma'aikatan jinya.Rahotanni daga kafafen yada labarai na cikin gida na cewa, a halin yanzu Jamus na da ma’aikatan jinya kusan miliyan 1, kuma aikin jinya ya yi yawa.A karshen shekarar 2017, kusan mutane miliyan 2.9 a Jamus na bukatar kulawa, kuma nan da shekarar 2030, ana sa ran mutane miliyan 4.1 za su bukaci kulawa.

A watan Yulin 2020, gwamnatin Jamus ta sanar da shirin ƙara albashin ma'aikatan jinya, inganta yanayin aiki, da ƙarfafa horar da aikin jinya.Ministan lafiya Jens Spahn ya kuma ce shirin daukar karin ma'aikatan jinya daga ketare.

A cikin Disamba 2019, mutane miliyan 4.13 a Jamus suna buƙatar kulawa na dogon lokaci kamar yadda Dokar Inshorar Kulawa ta Tsawon Lokaci ta ayyana, babban haɓakar mutane 710,000 ko 21% idan aka kwatanta da mutane miliyan 3.41 waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa na dogon lokaci a cikin Disamba 2017.

Yayin da sabon ra'ayi mai zurfi na kulawa na dogon lokaci ya zama sananne, kuma haɗuwa da tsufa ya zurfafa, adadin mutanen da ke buƙatar kulawa zai karu kowace shekara.Dangane da adadin ma’aikatan da ke aikin jinya, a cikin 2017, Jamus tana da ma’aikatan jinya 764,000 a gidajen jinya da ma’aikatan jinya 390,000 a cikin kulawar gida, jimlar miliyan 1.155, wanda ya yi ƙasa da miliyan 3.41 waɗanda ke buƙatar ayyukan jinya waɗanda shekara.

Yin la'akari da rarraba wuraren kula da lafiya da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya kusa da wurin zama, kusan kashi 67% na mutanen da ke buƙatar kulawar jinya a Jamus a cikin 2019 suna zaune a cikin yanayin dangi kuma dangi ko ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da ke ba da sabis na kula da marasa lafiya suna kulawa.Amma a cewar Cibiyar Alkaluman Jama'a ta Berlin, fiye da kashi 76 cikin 100 na jarirai na Jamus sun gwammace su ci gaba da zaman kansu na tsawon lokaci da kuma tafiya cikin walwala a wuraren zamansu, maimakon kawai a kula da su a gida.A lokaci guda kuma, 35% na tsofaffi a cikin al'umma sun yi imanin cewa yana da mahimmanci don samun cikakken likitan iyali da kantin sayar da magunguna a cikin gajeren tafiya na tafiya ko ɗaukar motoci.Musamman a gabashin Jamus da yankunan karkara, yawan rabon rassan likitanci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya bai kai kashi 60% na abin da ake samu a yankunan yammacin da suka ci gaba ba, kuma karancin kwararrun ma'aikatan jinya zai kara yin tsanani tare da tsufa.

Pyramid na Yawan Jama'a - Pyramid Yawan Jama'a a 2022

DE Jamus

A shekara ta 2022, yawan jama'a na Jamus shine:

Jimlar yawan jama'a	83,426,788	100%
Yara yawan jama'a	11.626.786	13.94%
Aiki shekaru yawan jama'a	53,221,159	63.79%
Tsofaffi yawan jama'a	18,578,843	22.27%

Yawan shekarun aiki zai kasance kasa da kashi 60 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a a shekarar 2030. Yawan tsofaffi zai ninka yawan matasa a shekarar 2033. Jimillar yawan jama'a za ta kai 83,426,788 a 2022.

A shekara ta 2050, yawan tsofaffi zai kai kashi 30.43% na al'ummar Jamus, kuma matsalar tsufa na yawan jama'a.[Kididdigar Duniya ta Bankin Duniya]

Hoto na 2 [Kididdigar Duniya ta Bankin Duniya]

Tarihin tarihi

Tun bayan wargajewar Tarayyar Soviet a shekara ta 1991, yawan al'ummar kasar Rasha na raguwa saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.Yawan al'ummar Rasha ya kai miliyan 148.6 a shekarar 1993, kuma ya fadi zuwa kusan miliyan 142.8 a shekarar 2008, raguwar kusan miliyan 6.Daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 2008, jimillar mutanen kasar Rasha sun ragu daga miliyan 148.5 zuwa miliyan 142.7, wato raguwar mutane miliyan 5.8.

A cikin 2013, Rasha ta sami karuwar yawan al'umma ta farko tun bayan samun 'yancin kai, tare da haihuwa 22,900 fiye da mace-mace.A cikin 2015, yawan jama'ar Rasha ya karu zuwa miliyan 146.3, tare da kammala manufofi da ayyuka na "Concept of Population Policy of the Russian Federation har zuwa 2025" gabanin jadawalin.A shekarar 2017, jimillar al'ummar kasar Rasha ta haura miliyan 146.88, wanda shi ne na biyu mafi yawan al'ummar Rasha tun bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet.

To sai dai kuma ba a samu ingantuwar al'amuran tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'ummar kasar ta Rasha ba, kuma matsin lambar da ake fuskanta a kasar ya dawo bayan wani dan lokaci kadan.Tun daga shekarar 2018, al'ummar Rasha sun fara raguwa, kuma raguwar ta kara karuwa.

A bisa al'adar kasa da kasa, idan tsofaffin kasar da suka haura shekaru 60 ke da kashi 10% na yawan jama'a, ko kuma tsofaffin da suka haura shekaru 65 ya kai kashi 7% na yawan al'ummar kasar, hakan na nufin kasar ta fara shiga. al'umma ta tsufa."Rasha's...matsakaicin dogaro da tsoffi ya kai kashi 34% zuwa 36%. Adadin dogaro da tsoffi na kasashe masu tsananin tsufa a duniya a daidai wannan lokacin sune: 17.2% zuwa 24.2% a Japan, 24.1% to 24.3% a Burtaniya, da 21.7% a Jamus.% ~ 23.7%, Faransa 21.3% -24.8%. na yawan mutanen Rasha yana da matukar muhimmanci."Ya zuwa Janairu 2005, 60 na Rasha Al'ummar da suka wuce shekaru 65 suna da kashi 17.33% na yawan jama'a, kuma yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 65 ya kai kashi 13.72% na yawan jama'a.Saboda haka, Rasha ta riga ta zama kasa ta gaske ta tsufa.

Bayan da aka samu raguwar kadan a shekarar 2018 da 2019, yanayin al'ummar kasar Rasha ya shiga wani yanayi mai muni da ba a saba gani ba a shekarar 2020. Sakamakon sabon annobar cutar kambi, adadin wadanda suka mutu a shekarar 2020 ya karu da kashi 18% idan aka kwatanta da na 2019, wanda ya kai kusan miliyan 2.139, wanda kusan 104,000 ne suka mutu. sabuwar kwayar cutar kambi ce ta haifar da mutuwar kai tsaye.A cikin wannan lokacin, adadin haihuwa a Rasha ya kai kimanin miliyan 1.437, raguwar 44,600 daga 2019. An sami mace-mace fiye da haihuwa, kuma raguwar yawan jama'a ita ce mafi girma tun 2005. Annobar ta hana shigowar. na baƙi baƙi, kuma a cikin 2020 Rasha za ta sake cika kusan mutane 100,000 kawai ta hanyar shige da fice na ƙasashen waje.Haɗuwa da raguwar yawan jama'a da raguwar ƙaura daga ƙasashen waje ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a kusan 600,000 a Rasha a cikin 2020, sau 18 fiye da na 2019 kuma mafi girma tun 2003.

A cikin 2019, yawan mutanen Rasha sama da shekaru 65 ya kasance 14%, kuma a farkon 2021, ya kai 15.5%.Duk da cewa tsufar kasar Rasha ba ta kai ta Japan da kasashen Turai ba, amma ta kai matsayin kasashen da suka ci gaba kamar Amurka, Australia da Canada, lamarin da ya sa al’amarin “tsofawa kafin yin arziki” sai karuwa yake yi. mafi shahara.Na biyu, tsohuwar matsalar rashin daidaituwar jinsi ta kasance ba a warware ba.A shekara ta 2021, maza za su zama kashi 46.3% na al'ummar Rasha da kashi 53.7% na mata, tare da kusan mata miliyan 11 fiye da maza.

Binciken baya-bayan nan

A cewar Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayyar Rasha, ya zuwa farkon shekarar 2020, jimillar mutanen kasar ta kai miliyan 146.781, wanda sama da miliyan 32 suka haura shekaru 60, wanda ya kai kashi 21.8% na yawan jama’a.

Dangane da takamaiman bayanai, ya zuwa farkon shekarar 2020, yawan mutanen Rasha ya kai miliyan 146.781, gami da maza miliyan 68.097 da mata miliyan 78.684.Bisa ga takamaiman ƙungiyoyin shekaru:

1) Akwai fiye da yara miliyan 18 masu shekaru 0-9, da sama da matasa miliyan 14.7 masu shekaru 10-19;

2) Akwai sama da matasa miliyan 17.3 masu shekaru 20-29, miliyan 24.4 masu shekaru 30-39, da miliyan 20.3 masu shekaru 40-49;

3) Akwai masu ritaya miliyan 19.8 masu shekaru 50-59;

4) Akwai sama da mutane miliyan 32 da suka wuce shekaru 60, wanda ke da kashi 21.8% na yawan jama'a.

RU Tarayyar Rasha

A shekara ta 2022, rarraba yawan jama'a na Tarayyar Rasha shine:

Jimlar yawan jama'a	144,732,514	100%
Yara yawan jama'a	25,685,450	17.75%
Aiki shekaru yawan jama'a	96,329,309	66.56%
Tsofaffi yawan jama'a	22,717,755	15.70%

Yawan shekarun aiki zai kasance kasa da kashi 60 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a a shekarar 2051. Jimlar yawan jama'a ya kai 1994 a 148,932,648.

A shekara ta 2050, yawan tsofaffi yana da kashi 24.12% na yawan jama'ar Tarayyar Rasha, kuma matsalar tsufa na yawan jama'a yana da tsanani.[Kididdigar Duniya ta Bankin Duniya]

Hoto na 2 [Kididdigar Duniya ta Bankin Duniya]