Kukwegura Maitiro

History background

Italy inoonekwa seimwe yenyika dzine vanhu vakanyanya kuchembera. Mumakore gumi apfuura, avhareji yezera revagari vemuItaly yakakwira kubva ku43 kusvika ku45.7 makore, tarisiro yeupenyu yevarume yasvika makore 81, uye tarisiro yeupenyu yevakadzi yasvika makore 85.3, uye chikamu chevanhu vanopfuura 65 chakwira kusvika 23,2%.

Data inoratidza kuti kubva muna Ndira 1, 2017, huwandu hwese hweItaly hwaive 60.57 miriyoni, kuderera kwe86,000 zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura, uye kukura kwakashata kwemakore mapfumbamwe akateedzana kubvira 2007. Kuzvarwa patsva kwakadonha kusvika ku474,000 muna 2016 kubva pa486,000, kubva pakufa kusvika ku000006 gore rapfuura. 648,000. Vanopfuura 115,000 vekuItaly vakatamira kune dzimwe nyika mu2016, kuwedzera kwe12.6% kana ichienzaniswa ne2015.

Mushumo wacho wakaratidza kuti kuchembera kwevanhu vomuItaly kwakapfuurira. Muna 2016, huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu neshanu hwakapfuura 13.5 miriyoni, zvichiverengera 22.3% yehuwandu hwenyika, kuwedzera kwe0.3% kupfuura gore rapfuura. Panguva imwecheteyo, avhareji yehupenyu hwevarume veItaly muna 2016 yakawedzera kubva pamakore 80.1 mugore rapfuura kusvika kumakore 80.6, uye kuvakadzi kubva pamakore 84,6 kusvika kumakore 85.1. Mukuwedzera, avhareji yezera revakadzi vanobereka vana muItaly yakawedzera kusvika kumakore 31,7 muna 2016, uye chiyero chekubereka chakawira ku 1.34 kubva ku1.35 gore rapera.

Zvinoenderana nenhamba muna 2019, Italy ndiyo yechipiri nyika yechikuru munyika. Huwandu hwese hweItaly hunosvika 59.5 miriyoni, avo vangangoita 28.6% vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu uye 22.4% vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu neshanu. %, 1 muvanhu 5 muItaly ane makore anopfuura 65. Germany ndiyo nyika yechitatu pakukwegura munyika. Huwandu hwese hwese hweGermany hunosvika 83.15 miriyoni, umo huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu hunosvika 27.4%, uye huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu neshanu hunosvika 21.1%.

Ongororo yazvino

Mumushumo uchangoburwa neItaly Central Statistics Office, huwandu hwevanhu vekuItaly hunotarisirwa kudzika kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi mana nenomwe nemazana matanhatu muna 2070, zvichidzika ne20% kubva muna Ndira 2020. Vezvenhau vemunharaunda yeItaly vakashuma pamakumi maviri nenomwe kuti huwandu hwevanhu veItari hwaive mamirioni makumi mashanu neshanu muna Ndira 2020, uye nhamba iyi inotarisirwa kudonha kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi mashanu nemakumi matatu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu. 2050.

Pamusoro pekuderera kwehuwandu, huwandu hwekuchembera hweItaly haugone kufuratirwa. Central Bureau of Statistics inofanotaura kuti pakati pe2020 ne2050, avhareji yezera reItaly ichawedzera kubva pamakore 45,7 kusvika ku50.7; chikamu chevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu muhuwandu hwevanhu huchawedzera kubva pa23.2% kusvika ku35%; chikamu chevanhu vari pasi pemakore gumi nemana chichawedzera kubva pa13% kusvika kusapfuura 12%; chikamu chevanhu vezera rekushanda chichadzika kubva pa63% kusvika pa53%. Chiyero chekuzvarwa kweItaly chave chakaderera pakati penyika dzeEurope kwemakore mazhinji. Kubva 2007, huwandu hwekufa kwehuwandu hweItaly hwakapfuura mwero wekuzvarwa gore rega rega.

Sangano rekutsvagisa reItaly Labor Confederation rakati huwandu hwevanhu vachembera huchakanganisa zvakanyanya musika wevashandi wenyika. Mumakore makumi maviri, huwandu hwemakore ekushanda muItaly vari pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu ne63 huchadzikira nemamiriyoni 6.8, nepo vanhu vasiri vezera rekushanda vari pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu ne64 vachawedzera nemamiriyoni 3.8.

Muna 2021, vezvenhau vekuItaly vakashuma kuti, pari zvino, nhamba yevaItaly vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu neshanu yakapetwa ka1,5 pane yevechidiki vari pasi pemakore gumi nemana, uye panosvika 2030, chikamu ichi chichawedzera kusvika ka2.07. Shanduko yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vachembera yakaunza matambudziko akakomba kune zvematongerwo enyika eItaly, hupfumi uye nzanga.

Kuwedzera kwenhamba yekuchembera kwakaunza mamwe matambudziko emagariro. Semuyenzaniso, mafungiro everuzhinji evavhoti vakura ane chekuita negwara remitemo yenyika uye anogadziridza magariro nehupfumi hweItaly. Mukuwedzera, maItaly ane pfungwa yakasimba yemhuri, uye kutarisira vakwegura kunoonekwa semutoro wemhuri. Huwandu hwemisha yevakwegura uye mabasa ekuchengetedza mudzimba muItari hauna kukwirira, uye masangano ehurumende nenharaunda vanongopindira kana vakura vasina chinhu uye vakweguru vasina vavanoda. Naizvozvo, mamiriro ehutano uye kutarisirwa kwemazuva ese kwevakweguru yave iri nyaya inonyanya kukosha munharaunda yeItaly. Sangano renhau reItaly ANSA rakataura nezve data ichangoburwa kubva kuItaly Health Observatory inoratidza kuti panosvika 2028, pachange paine vanenge 6.3 miriyoni vakwegura muItaly vacharasikirwa nerusununguko rwavo, izvo zvichaunza matambudziko akakomba emagariro evanhu akadai sekusava nehanya. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nhamba yevakwegura muItaly vanotambura nokuora mwoyo uye nyaya dzokurambana kwevanhu vakwegura vari kuronga mhuri dzavo dzave dzichiwedzerawo mumakore achangopfuura.

Mapiramidhi Ehuwandu - Pyramid Yehuwandu hweItari muna 2022

IT Italy

Pagore ra2022, kugoverwa kwevanhu muItaly ndiko:

Huwandu hwevanhu vose	59,119,400	100%
Vechidiki	7,416,450	12.54%
Vagari vezera rekushanda	37.601.842	63.60%
Kuwanda kwevanhu vakwegura	14,101.108	23.85%

Huwandu hwevanhu vezera rekushanda huchange huri pasi pezvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvehuwandu hwevanhu vose muna 2032. Huwandu hwevanhu vakwegura huchapfuura zvakapetwa kaviri huwandu hwevechidiki panosvika gore ra2024. Huwandu hwevanhu hwakakwira kusvika pa60,347,844 mugore ra2014.

Muna 2050, vanhu vakwegura vachatora chikamu che37.09% chevanhu vekuItaly, uye dambudziko rekuchembera kwevanhu rakakura.]World Bank Global Statistics]

Mufananidzo 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

History background

Germany yakatanga kuchembera kwayo kwenguva refu muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi 19. Muna 1930, vagari vayo vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu uye pamusoro vakaverengera 7% yehuwandu hwevanhu, izvo zvakaratidza kuti Germany yakange yatungamira kupinda munzanga yekuchembera. Kubva ipapo, nhamba yevakwegura yakaramba ichikwira. Mukati memakore makumi mana nemashanu kubva muna 1930 kusvika 1975, chikamu chevanhu vekuGermany vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira chasvetuka kubva pa7% kuenda pa14%.

Mamiriro ehupfumi eGermany anoshivirira kuchembera kwevanhu, saka mitengo yeinishuwarenzi yepenjeni uye mwero wepenjeni wakakwira. Zvinoenderana nenhamba, chiyero chepamusoro cheinishuwarenzi yepenjeni yepamutemo muGermany muna 1997 na1998 yaive yakakwira se20.3%. Hwaro hwayo hwakasimba hwehupfumi hunoipa iyo capital kuchengetedza mari yepenjeni yakawanda. Zvisinei, kukura kunowedzera kwekuchembera kwevanhu uye kuwedzera kwehupenyu hunotarisirwa kuchaita kuti kuwedzere kwenhamba yevanodya penjeni uye nhamba yemakore yavanogamuchira. Kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi aripo, hazvina chokwadi kana iyo yekutanga yepamusoro yepamusoro yezvibatsiro inogona kuchengetedzwa. . Kana mamiriro ehupfumi akashata uye kuoma kwehutano hwepamusoro hunoita kuti zviome kuderedza zvakanyanya chiyero chepenjeni, zvichave zvakaoma kutasva ingwe. Germany inozviziva, uye yakaedza kudzikisa huwandu hwepensheni yakawandisa muPension Reform Act ya1999, ichiwedzera huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemudyandigere formula, uye panguva imwe cheteyo kuve nechokwadi chekudzikira kwekuderera kwechikamu chepenjeni, ne / mudyandigere Goridhe Level Guarantee Clause 0 yekuvimbisa mwero wepenjeni.

Ongororo yazvino

Muna 2020, vanhu vokuGermany mamiriyoni 83.155, ane dzinongoitika kukura mwero -2.5 ‰, kuderera 0,9 muzana pfungwa zvichienzaniswa mwana boom nguva muna 1964. Kwemakore 48 akatevedzana, vanhu vatsva haana kukwanisa kuita kuti kufa pakakoromoka, zvikurukuru kuvimba vabva kune dzimwe nyika uye vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye wechipiri-kunobva chizvarwa. Huwandu hweGermany hunotarisirwa kudzikira ne6% panosvika 2060 kana zvichienzaniswa ne2020. Pakave nekufa kwakawanda kwe212,000 pane vakazvarwa muGermany muna 2020, kubva pa161,000 muna 2019, uye gaka rekukura kwevanhu rakawedzera. Sekureva kweGerman Federal Statistical Office, kunyangwe kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekufa kwehuwandu hweGerman muna 2020 nekuda kwekukanganisa kwedenda idzva rekorona, huwandu hwevanhu vakura hwakaramba huchikura. Huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi masere nekupfuura hwakawedzera ne4.5% mugore rapfuura kusvika pamamirioni 5.9, zvichikwidza mari yepenjeni yegoridhe uye mari yehutano.

Zvinoenderana nedata reWorld Bank, kubva muna 1950 kusvika 2020, chikamu chevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira muGermany chakawedzera kubva pa9.7% kusvika 21.9%, chakakwira kupfuura 16.6%, 18.2%, 18.7%, uye 20.8% yeUnited States, Hong Kong, China, neFrance. Inotora nzvimbo yechitanhatu munyika yose uye inotarisirwa kusvika 28.5% ne 2060. Maererano nezera repakati, maererano neCIA World Factbook data, makore epakati muGermany akawedzera kubva pamakore 34.2 kusvika kumakore 47.8 muna 1970-2020, ari panzvimbo yechina pasi rose, zvishoma zvishoma kudarika Japan 48, France uye makore akakwirira zvikuru kuItaly, Britain, France uye United States. pakati. Kubva pamaonero ekukurumidza kuchembera, kukurumidza kuchembera kweGermany ndekwechipiri kuJapan, ichiiswa pekutanga munyika dzekuMadokero. Zvakatora Germany makore makumi mana kuti ishanduke kubva kuhuwandu hwekuchembera vanopfuura 7% yevagari vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira kusvika pakuchembera kwakadzama kweanopfuura 14%, uye 65, 126, 46, 24 makore muUnited States, France, United Kingdom, uye Japan. gore.

Zvinoenderana neazvino demographic data yakaburitswa neGerman Federal Statistics Hofisi musi wa27 muna 2020, pakupera kwa2019, pakanga paine vanhu vakuru vane 17.7 miriyoni vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira muGermany, vachiverengera 21.4% yehuwandu hwevanhu. Huwandu hwevakweguru muGermany hwakakura ne36.6% mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. Pakupera kwa1997, vanhu vakuru vekuGermany vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira vaive mamirioni gumi nematatu, vachitora 15.8% yehuwandu hwese.

Madzimai aitora chikamu che56.4% chevanhu vekuGermany vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira, zvichienzaniswa ne63% pakupera kwa1997. Pakati penyika dzeEU, Germany inyika ine vanhu vanochembera zvakanyanya. Avhareji chikamu chevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira muEU i19.4% yehuwandu hwese, Italy neGreece chete ndidzo dzakati kurei kupfuura Germany.

Nekuchembera, Germany yakatarisana nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwevashandi vakoti. Sekureva kwenhau dzenhau dzemuno, Germany parizvino ine vanamukoti vangangosvika miriyoni imwe, uye basa rehukoti rakakura. Pakupera kwa2017, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 2,9 muGermany vaida kutarisirwa, uye panosvika gore ra2030, vanhu mamiriyoni 4,1 vanotarisirwa kunge vachida kutarisirwa.

Muna Chikunguru 2020, hurumende yeGermany yakazivisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera mihoro yevashandi, kuvandudza mamiriro ekushanda, uye kusimbisa dzidzo yehukoti. Gurukota rezvehutano, Jens Spahn, vakatiwo hurongwa hwekutora vamwe vanamukoti kubva mhiri kwemakungwa.

Muna Zvita 2019, vanhu 4.13 miriyoni muGermany vaida kuchengetwa kwenguva refu sekutsanangurwa kweLong-Term Care Insurance Act, kuwedzera kwakakura kwevanhu mazana manomwe nenomwe kana makumi maviri neshanu muzana kana zvichienzaniswa nevanhu 3.41 miriyoni vaida kuchengetwa kwenguva refu muna Zvita 2017.

Sezvo pfungwa itsva, yakafararira yekugara kwenguva refu ichizivikanwa, uye kuchembera kwakabatana kunowedzera, nhamba yevanhu vanoda kutarisirwa ichawedzera gore negore. Panyaya yehuwandu hwevashandi vanobata basa rekuchengeta vanamukoti, muna 2017, Germany yaive ne764,000 vashandi vevakoti mumisha inochengeterwa vakoti uye 390,000 vashandi vanochengetwa mudzimba, vanosvika 1.155 miriyoni, iyo yaive yakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura 3.41 miriyoni vaida mabasa ehukoti gore iroro.

Tichitarisa kubva pakugovaniswa kwezvivakwa zvehutano uye masangano ekurapa padyo nenzvimbo yekugara, vangangoita makumi matanhatu nenomwe muzana yevanhu vanoda kuchengetwa muGermany muna 2019 vaigara munharaunda yemhuri uye vaichengetwa nehama kana nyanzvi dzaipa rubatsiro rwekuchipatara. Asi maererano neBerlin Demographic Institute, vanopfuura 76 muzana yevacheche vekuGermany vanokura vanosarudza kuramba vakazvimiririra kwenguva yakareba uye vachifamba vakasununguka munzvimbo yavo yekugara, pane kungochengetwa kumba. Panguva imwecheteyo, 35% yevakwegura munharaunda vanotenda kuti zvinonyanya kukosha kuva nechiremba wemhuri yakakwana uye chitoro chezvokurapa mukati mekufamba-famba kwekufamba-famba kwekufamba kana kutakura motokari. Kunyanya kumabvazuva kweGermany nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa, kuwanda kwekugovera kwemapazi ekurapa nenzvimbo dzehutano kuri pasi pe60% yeiyo munzvimbo dzakasimukira dzekumadokero, uye kushomeka kwevashandi veukoti vehunyanzvi kuchawedzera zvakanyanya nekuchembera.

Population Pyramids - Population Piramidhi yekuGermany muna 2022

DE Germany

Pagore ra2022, kugoverwa kwevanhu kuGermany ndiko:

Total vanhu	83,426,788	100%
Juvenile vanhu	11.626.786	13.94%
Kushanda age vanhu	53,221,159	63.79%
Vakwegura vanhu	18,578,843	22.27%

Huwandu hwevanhu vezera rekushanda huchange huri pasi pezvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvehuwandu hwevanhu vose muna 2030. Huwandu hwevanhu vakwegura huchawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri huwandu hwevechidiki panosvika gore ra2033. Huwandu hwevanhu vose huchasvika pa83,426,788 mugore ra2022.

Muna 2050, vanhu vakwegura vanozoverengera 30.43% yehuwandu hweGerman, uye dambudziko rekuchembera kwevanhu rakakura. [World Bank Global Statistics]

Mufananidzo 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]

History background

Kubva pakaparara Soviet Union muna 1991, huwandu hwevanhu muRussia hwave huchidzikira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zveupfumi nemagariro. Huwandu hwevanhu muRussia hwaive 148.6 miriyoni muna 1993, uye hwakaderera kusvika pamamirioni 142.8 muna 2008, kuderera kweanoda kusvika 6 miriyoni. Kubva 1992 kusvika 2008, huwandu hwevanhu muRussia hwakadzika kubva pamamiriyoni 148.5 kuenda pa142.7 miriyoni, kuderera kwevanhu vangangoita 5.8 miriyoni.

Muna 2013, Russia yakaona kuwedzera kwayo kwekutanga kwevanhu kubva parusununguko, paine 22,900 vakazvarwa vakawanda kupfuura kufa. Muna 2015, huwandu hwehuwandu hweRussia hwakawedzera kusvika 146.3 mamiriyoni, kupedza zvinangwa nemabasa e "Concept of Population Policy yeRussian Federation kusvika 2025" mberi kwepurogiramu. Muna 2017, huwandu hwese hweRussia hwakakwira kusvika pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi mana nematanhatu.

Nekudaro, hupfumi nemagariro zvinhu zvakakonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hweRussia hazvina kunyatso vandudzwa, uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwadzoka mushure mekuzorora kwenguva pfupi. Kubva muna 2018, huwandu hweRussia hwakatanga kudzikira zvakare, uye kuderera kwave kuchiwedzera.

Maererano netsika dzepasi rose, kana vanhu vakwegura vemunyika vadarika makore makumi matanhatu vachitora chikamu che10% chevanhu vose, kana kuti vanhu vakwegura vane makore anodarika makumi matanhatu nemashanu vanosvika 7% yehuwandu hwevanhu vose, zvinoreva kuti nyika yatanga kupinda munzanga yevachembera. "KuRussia ... huwandu hwekutsamira kwevakweguru hwakakwira kusvika pa34% kusvika 36%. Huyero hwevakwegura munyika dzine kuchembera kwakakomba pasi rose panguva imwecheteyo ndeiyi: 17.2% kusvika 24,2% muJapan, 24.1% kusvika 24,3% muUK, uye 21,7% muFrance 23% muGermany. 21.3% -24,8% kubva pakuenzanisa kwenyika dzakawanda, chiyero chevanhu vakwegura muRussia chiri pamwero wepamusoro, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kukwegura kwevanhu vokuRussia kwakakomba zvikuru. Kubva muna Ndira 2005, Russia's 60 Huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu vanoverengera 17.33% yehuwandu hwevanhu, uye huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu neshanu vanoverengera 13,72% yehuwandu hwevanhu. Naizvozvo, Russia yatova nyika yekuchembera chaiyo.

Mushure mekuderera kudiki muna 2018 na 2019, mamiriro ehuwandu hweRussia akaunza mune yakashata isingaite 2020. Yakakanganiswa nedenda idzva rekorona, nhamba yevakafa muna 2020 yakawedzera ne18% zvichienzaniswa ne2019, inosvika mamirioni mazana maviri nemazana matatu nemazana matatu nemazana matatu, ayo angangoita zana nemazana mana akakonzerwa nehutachiona hwerufu. Munguva imwecheteyo, nhamba yekuzvarwa muRussia yaive miriyoni 1.437, kuderera kwe44,600 kubva 2019. Pakave nekufa kwakawanda kupfuura kuzvarwa, uye kuderera kwechisikigo muhuwandu hwaive hwakanyanya kubva 2005. Denda rakarambidza kupinda kwevatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, uye muna 2020, Russia mimi00000000 chete ichangopfuura vanhu gumi. Iko kusanganiswa kwehuwandu hwechisikigo kuderera uye kudzikira kwakanyanya kwekune dzimwe nyika kwakonzera kudzikiswa kwehuwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mazana matanhatu ezviuru muRussia muna 2020, 18 zvakapetwa ka2019 uye yakakura kubva 2003.

Muna 2019, chikamu chehuwandu hweRussia pamusoro pemakore makumi matanhatu neshanu chaive 14%, uye kutanga kwa2021, chasvika 15,5%. Kunyange hazvo kuchembera kweRussia kusiri kunetsa sekweJapan nenyika dzeEurope, kwasvika padanho renyika dzakabudirira dzakaita seUnited States, Australia neCanada, uye chiitiko che "kuchembera usati wapfuma" chiri kuramba chichizivikanwa. Chechipiri, dambudziko rekare rekusagadzikana kwevakadzi rinoramba risati ragadziriswa. Muna 2021, varume vachazvidavirira 46.3% yehuwandu hweRussia uye 53.7% yevakadzi, nevanoda kusvika mamirioni gumi nerimwe vakadzi kupfuura varume.

Ongororo yazvino

Sekureva kweRussian Federal Bureau of Statistics, kubva pakutanga kwa2020, huwandu hwese hweRussia hwaive 146.781 miriyoni, iyo vanopfuura mamirioni makumi matatu nemaviri vaive nemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu, vachiverengera 21.8% yehuwandu hwevanhu.

Zvinoenderana neiyo data chaiyo, sekutanga kwa2020, huwandu hweRussia hwaive 146.781 miriyoni, kusanganisira 68.097 miriyoni varume uye 78.684 mamirioni evakadzi. Zvinoenderana nemazera chaiwo:

1) Kune vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemasere vana vane makore 0-9, uye vanopfuura mamirioni 14.7 vechidiki vane makore 10-19;

2) Kune vanopfuura mamiriyoni 17.3 vechidiki vane makore 20-29, 24.4 mamiriyoni ane makore 30-39, uye 20.3 mamiriyoni ane makore 40-49;

3) Kune 19.8 miriyoni vakasiya basa vane makore 50-59;

4) Kune vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni e32 vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu, vanoverengera 21.8% yehuwandu hwevanhu.

RU Russian Federation

Pagore ra2022, kugoverwa kwevanhu veRussian Federation ndiko:

Total vanhu	144,732,514	100%
Juvenile vanhu	25,685,450	17.75%
Kushanda age vanhu	96,329,309	66.56%
Vakwegura vanhu	22,717,755	15.70%

Huwandu hwevanhu vezera rekushanda huchange huri pasi pezvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvehuwandu hwevanhu muna 2051. Huwandu hwevanhu hwakakwira muna 1994 pa148,932,648.

Muna 2050, vanhu vakwegura vanoverengera 24.12% yehuwandu hweRussian Federation, uye dambudziko rekukwegura kwevanhu rakakomba. [World Bank Global Statistics]

Mufananidzo 2 [World Bank Global Statistics]